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勝山合戰

戰國時代
日期永正5年10月4日(1508年10月27日)
地点
甲斐國八代郡勝山(現山梨縣甲府市上曾根町勝山)
结果 武田信虎軍獲勝
参战方
武田氏 油川氏
武田氏
小山田氏日语小山田氏
栗原氏日语栗原氏
工藤氏
加藤氏
指挥官与领导者
武田信虎 油川信惠日语油川信恵
岩手繩美日语岩手縄美
小山田彌太郎日语小山田弥太郎

勝山合戰(日语:勝山合戦かつやまかっせん Katsuyamakassen)是甲斐武田家永正5年10月4日(1508年10月27日)爆發的一場內亂,合戰最終由武田信虎取得勝利,武田宗家的糾紛亦就此結束。合戰地點勝山位於甲府盆地南邊,地處甲斐和駿河國境之間的軍事要害中道往還日语中道往還,沿途建有勝山城日语勝山城 (甲斐国八代郡)

內亂先兆

明應元年(1491年),武田宗家內爆發爭奪家督之位的事件,最終武田信繩擊敗其父武田信昌成為家督,並且逼使信昌隱居[1]。其後,在延德4年(1492年)6月,信昌、次子油川信惠日语油川信恵和信繩再度因家督問題內訌,最初信昌和信惠方面佔優,直至明應2年(1493年)為止,信繩仍然處於劣勢。然而,翌年3月26日,信繩大勝信惠軍,但是卻同時失去大量有力的支持者,導致雙方的爭鬥陷入膠著狀態[2]

與此同時,伊豆堀越公方足利政知死去,由其子足利茶茶丸繼承,北條早雲趁機進攻茶茶丸,戰敗的茶茶丸從伊豆逃亡至甲斐[2]。為此,早雲與駿河的今川氏親一同進攻甲斐[2][3]。明應7年(1498年),為了對抗外敵,信昌三父子以大地震為契機達成和解[2]。通過和解,信昌實際上承認由信繩繼承家督之位,武田宗家則以隱居的信昌和當主信繩共同管治的形式持續下去[1][2]

永正2年(1505年)9月16日,信昌死去[4][5]。兩年後的2月14日,信繩亦死去,宗家的家督之位由信繩的嫡子,年僅14歳的武田信虎繼承[4][5]。對此,信惠聯同其弟岩手繩美日语岩手縄美栗原昌種日语栗原昌種、河村重家、表兄弟小山田彌太郎日语小山田弥太郎工藤氏、上條彥七郎和加藤氏等等聯合舉兵,打破和約[4]

合戰

永正5年(1508年)10月4日,信虎在勝山大勝信惠軍,不單信惠,其兒子彌九郎、清九郎、珍寶丸,岩手繩美、栗原昌種和河村重家等油川一族及有力家臣大多戰死[6][7]。12月,彌太郎和彥七郎再度反抗信虎,但是在12月5日於國中的戰鬥中雙雙戰死。為此,工藤氏和小山田平三拜托早雲讓他們逃至伊豆韮山(現靜岡縣韮山町日语韮山町內)。小山田家的勢力亦大幅減弱。永正6年(1509年)信虎攻進小山田家的根據地郡內日语郡内地方,並且焚毀該地,成功重創小山田氏[7]。永正7年(1510年)春天,彌太郎的嫡子小山田信有日语小山田信有 (越中守)以實際上投降的形式與信虎議和,由於信虎希望兩家融洽相處,因此將他的妹妹嫁給信有,令到小山田家以婚姻同盟的形式從屬於武田宗家[8]

合戰結束長達20年的武田宗家內亂[6]。雖然及後,武田宗家仍然持續在甲斐與反抗的庶家和國人領主戰鬥不斷,亦面對甲斐外不同勢力的進攻[9],但是宗家中的內部糾紛直至信虎被武田晴信流放為止,未再發生。對此,很大程度上是因為反信虎勢力的頭號人物在合戰中悉數戰死,失去大義名分的殘餘勢力亦難以反擊[6]。加上信惠等反對派勢力大幅衰退,同時這場合戰亦成為武田宗家統一甲斐的第一步[6]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.55
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.48
  3. ^ 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.47
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.50
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.51
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.52
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.56
  8. ^ 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.57
  9. ^ 柴辻俊六 編『武田信虎のすべて』新人物往来社、2007年、p.53

參考文獻

書籍
史料
  • (日語)《勝山記》
  • (日語)《王代記》
  • (日語)《塩山向嶽禅庵小年代記》
  • (日語)《一蓮寺過去帳》

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