利薩海戰 (1866年)

关于1811年的利薩海戰，请见「利薩海戰 (1811年)（英语：Battle of Lissa (1811)）」。
利薩海戰
第三次義大利獨立戰爭的一部分

「利薩海戰」，卡爾·弗雷德里克·索倫森（英语：Carl Frederik Sørensen）1868年繪製
日期1866年7月20日
地点
亞得里亞海維斯 (利薩)島附近，位於今日的克羅埃西亞
43°10′35″N 16°3′12″E / 43.17639°N 16.05333°E / 43.17639; 16.05333
结果 奧地利勝利
参战方
 奥地利帝國 義大利王國 義大利王國
指挥官与领导者
奥匈帝国 威廉·馮·特格索夫 義大利王國 卡洛·迪·佩爾薩諾（英语：Carlo di Persano）
兵力
7艘鐵甲艦
1艘雙層蒸汽船
6艘巡洋艦
12艘砲艦
（噸位約50,000噸）		 12艘鐵甲艦
10艘巡洋艦
4艘砲艦
（噸位約68,000噸）
伤亡与损失
38人戰死
138人負傷[1]
1艘雙層蒸汽船受損		 620人戰死
40人負傷[1]
2艘鐵甲艦被擊沉
利薩海戰 (1866年)在克罗地亚的位置
利薩海戰 (1866年)
在克罗地亚的位置

利薩海戰（有時也稱維斯島海戰）發生於1866年7月20日的利薩（維斯的克羅埃西亞語，位於亞得里亞海附近的達爾馬提亞），數量上處於劣勢的奧地利帝國海軍擊敗了數量占優的義大利皇家海軍。這是鐵甲艦之間互相較量的第一場海戰，也是最後一場涉及刻意衝撞（英语：ramming）的海戰。

義大利海軍在整場海戰中共約發射了一千四百五十發砲彈，然而卻未能擊沉任何奧軍船隻，自身還損失兩艘鐵甲艦。義大利艦隊指揮官間的內部鬥爭是造成義軍差勁表現的主因之一，舉例來說義大利海軍中將吉奧萬·阿爾比尼（義大利語：Giovan Battista Albini）及其麾下的艦隊就沒有在戰鬥中遭遇敵軍[2]。這場海戰分為數個小戰鬥，其中最主要的一場是七艘奧軍鐵甲艦及四艘義軍鐵甲間的較量，奧軍指揮官特格索夫展現了軍事長才率軍分割為數眾多的對手，並摧毀被孤立的鐵甲艦。

註腳

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Stevens (1942), pp. 261–62
  2. ^ The Italian "mistakes" in Lissa battle (in Italian). lastoriamilitare.splinder.com. [2017-06-18]. 

A contemporary account is available in "The Engineer"May 15, 1885. http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/images/d/d4/Er18850515.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

傳記

  • Stevens, William Oliver and Allan Westcott. A History of Sea Power. Doubleday. 1942. 
  • Sacchi, Martino. Navi e cannoni: la Marina italiana da Lissa a oggi, Giunti, Firenze 2000.
  • Sandler, Stanley. "The Emergence of the Moder Capital Ship." Associated University Presses, Lexington, KY, 1979.
  • Scotti, Giacomo. Lissa 1866. la grande battaglia per l'Adriatico, LINT Editoriale, Trieste 2004. ISBN 88-8190-211-7
  • Martino, Ermanno. Lissa 1866: Perché?, in Storia Militare, N. 214 and N. 215 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Parma 2011. ISSN 1122-5289
  • Giorgierini, Giorgio. La guerra italiana sul mare, Oscar Mondadori, Milano 2002. ISBN 9788804501503

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：利薩海戰

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