Charles E. Osgood

Charles E. Osgood
Tavalludi 1916-yil 20-noyabr
Somerville, Massachusetts
Vafoti 1991-yil 15-sentyabr
1991-yil 15-sentyabr
Fuqaroligi AQSH
Millati amerikan
Sohasi Psixologiya
Ish joylari American Psychologist and Psycholinguist

Charles Egerton Osgood (1916-yil 20-noyabr – 1991-yil 15-sentyabr) amerikalik psixolog va professor.[1][2] U kognitivizmga qarshi biheviourizm, semantika(„semantik differentsial“ atamasini kiritgan), madaniyatlararolik, psixolingvistik nazariya va tinchlikni oʻrganish boʻyicha tadqiqotlari bilan mashhur edi. U psixolingvistikaning dastlabki rivojlanishiga yordam bergani uchun eʼtirof etilgan. Charles Osgood butun faoliyati davomida taniqli va yuksak hurmatga sazovor psixolog deb tan olingan.

Bolalik davrlar va taʼlim

Charlz Egerton Osgood 1916-yil 20-noyabrda Massachusets shtatining Somervil shahrida tugʻilgan.[3] Uning otasi Bostondagi Jordan Marsh doʻkonida menejer boʻlgan. Osgood baxtsiz bolalikni oʻtkazganini tasvirlagan, chunki u olti yoshida ota-onasi ajrashgan. U oʻn yoshga toʻlganda, uning xolasi Greys Osgud unga Roget tezaurusining nusxasini berdi. Bu sovgʻa Osgood tomonidan „estetik zavq ob’ekti“ deb taʼriflangan va ularning maʼnolariga qiziqish uygʻotgan.

Osgud Bruklin oʻrta maktabida oʻqidi. U yerda maktab gazetasi uchun yozishni boshladi va oxir-oqibat maktab jurnaliga asos soldi. Osgood Dartmut kollejida oʻqigan. U yerda bitirishni va gazetalarda yozuvchi boʻlib ishlashni niyat qilgan. Ikkinchi yil davomida u Teodor Karvoski tomonidan dars beradigan sinfga yozildi va shu bilan uni psixologiya boʻyicha ilmiy darajaga ega boʻlish uchun oʻz mutaxassisligini oʻzgartirishga ilhomlantirdi.

Ish faoliyati

Osgood psixolingvistika va tadqiqotga qiziqqan ijtimoiy psixolog edi. U 1942-yildan 1946-yilgacha Yelda instruktor boʻlib, u yerda doktorlik darajasini oldi. U 1946-yildan 1947-yilgacha AQShning Ilmiy tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalar boshqarmasida ishlagan. B-29 oʻq otuvchilarini tayyorlash boʻyicha ilmiy xodim boʻlib ishlagan. Bu davrda Osgood 1946-yildan 1949- yilgacha Konnektikut universitetida psixologiya kafedrasi dotsenti sifatida ham ishlagan. Osgood 1949-yildan 1952-yilgacha Konnektikut universitetida dotsent, 1952-yildan esa psixologiya va aloqa professori lavozimini egalladi. U Urbana shtatidagi Illinoys universitetida ishlagan vaqtida oʻz ishining koʻp qismini yakunladi. Bu esa Aloqa instituti bilan birga uning koʻplab ishlarini moliyalashtirdi. Osgood koʻpincha oʻz tajribalariga boʻysunib, sub’ektlari nimani boshdan kechirishi mumkinligini yaxshiroq tushunib olardi. Illinoys shtatida Osgood ishga qabul qilish jarayonlarida faol ishtirok etgan . 1957-yildan 1965-yilgacha Osgud Aloqa tadqiqotlari instituti direktori lavozimida ishlagan. Yildan boshlab u Ilgʻor tadqiqotlar markazi direktori boʻlgan. Shuningdek, u 1963-1982-yillarda universitet qoshidagi Qiyosiy psixolingvistika markazi direktori etib saylangan.

Faxriy unvon va mukofotlar

Charles Osgood oʻzining taniqli faoliyati davomida psixologiya sohasida koʻplab unvon va mukofatlarga sazovor boʻldi. 1960-yilda Amerika Psixologik Assotsiatsiyasi Osgoodga taniqli ilmiy hissasi uchun mukofotni topshirdi. Uch yil oʻtgach, Osgood Amerika Psixologik Assotsiatsiyasi prezidenti etib saylandi. Bunga qoʻshimcha ravishda, Ijtimoiy masalalarni psixologik oʻrganish jamiyati Charlz E. Osgoodga 1971-yilda Kurt Levin xotira mukofotini topshirdi. Keyingi yili u Milliy fanlar akademiyasiga, 1976-yilda esa Tinchlik fanlari jamiyati prezidenti etib saylandi. Osgood, shuningdek, Guggenxaym stipendiyasini ikki marta, 1955-yilda va yana 1972-yilda falsafa sohasida olgan.

  1. ↑ Sheehy, Noel.. Biographical Dictionary of Psychology., Chapman, Antony J., Conroy, Wenday A., Sheehy, Noel., Chapman, Anthony J., London: Taylor and Francis, 1997. ISBN 9781136798856. OCLC 935260140. 
  2. ↑ William, Brewer (Winter 1994). „Charles Egerton Osgood: 1916-1991“. The American Journal of Psychology. 107-jild. 582–596-bet — JSTOR.
  3. ↑ William, Brewer (Winter 1994). „Charles Egerton Osgood: 1916-1991“. The American Journal of Psychology. 107-jild. 582–596-bet — JSTOR.

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