Avliyo Valentin kuni

1850-yil chiqqan Valentin kuni otkritkasi
Avliyo Valentin kunida shokolad va gul sovgʻa qilish keng tarqalgan

Avliyo Valentin kuni, Valentin kuni,[1][2][3] Avliyo Valentin bayrami[4] yoki Sevishganlar kuni — har yili 14-fevralda nishonlanadigan bayram. Avliyo Valentin kuni juda koʻp mamlakatlarda nishonlanadi, ammo deyarli barchasida 14-fevral ish kunidir[3].

Avliyo Valentin kuni bir yoki bir necha „Valentinus“ ismli xristian ziyolilarni xotirlashga bagʻishlangan liturgik bayramlardan kelib chiqqan. Avliyo Valentin bilan bogʻliq eng mashhur martirologga koʻra, Valentin oila qurish taʼqiqlangan askarlarga toʻylar oʻtkazgani uchun qamalgan. Shuningdek, uni Rim Impersiyasida qiynoqlarga duchor qilingan xristianlarga yordam berishda ayblashgan. Qamoqdaligida Valentin qamoqxona boshchisi Asteriusning qizini davolagani aytiladi. Afsonaga koʻra, Valentin qatl qilinishidan avval qizga „Sening Valentiningdan“ deb xayrlashuv xatini yozgan[5][6].

Bugungi kunda Avliyo Valentin kuni Ingliz uyushmasida va Luteran cherkovida rasmiy ziyofat kunidir[7][8]. Pravoslavlar ham Avliyo Valentin kunini nishonlaydi, ammo 6-iyul rimlik Avliyo Valentin, 30-iyun esa Hieromartyr Valentin yepiskopi sharafiga bagʻishlangan bayramlardir[9][10].

Bu kun tarixi Geoffrey Chaucer yashagan oʻrta asrlarga borib taqaladi. Oʻsha davrda ritsarlik madaniyati juda keng tarqalgan boʻlgan. XV asrga kelib sevishganlar bir-birlariga boʻlgan muhabbatlarini gul sovgʻa qilib, shirinliklar berib va „valentinlar“ deb nomlangan otkritkalar yuborib izhor qila boshlashgan[1][3]. Bugungi kunda ishlatiladigan Avliyo Valentin kuni ramzlariga yurak rasmi, kaptarlar va qanotli sevgi farishtasi kiradi. XIX asrdan boshlab qoʻlda tayyorlangan valentinlar oʻrnini ishlab chiqarilgan otkritkalar egallagan[11].

Manbalar

  1. 1,0 1,1 The History of Valentineʼs DayHistory.com, A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 2-fevral 2010-yil.
  2. History of Valentineʼs Day Christianity Today International. Retrieved 2-fevral 2010-yil; „Then Again Maybe Donʼt Be My Valentine“[sayt ishlamaydi], Ted Olsen, 2000-01-02
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 HowStuffWorks „How Valentineʼs Day works“HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 2-fevral 2010-yil.
  4. Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, Revised ed., Allied Publishers, 2005 ISBN 9780550142108
  5. Cass R. Sandak. Valentineʼs Day. Silver Burdett Press. pg. 11
  6. Valentineʼs Day — The History Channel http://www.history.com/topics/valentines-day
  7. „Holy Days“. Church of England (Anglican Communion) (2012). — „February 14 Valentine, Martyr at Rome, c.269“. 2018-yil 25-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 27-oktabr 2012-yil. (Wayback Machine saytida 2018-12-25 sanasida arxivlangan)
  8. Pfatteicher, Philip H.. New Book of Festivals and Commemorations: A Proposed Common Calendar of Saints. Fortress Press, 1-avgust 2008-yil — 86-bet. Qaraldi: 27-oktabr 2012-yil. „IO February 14 The Lutheran Service Book, with its penchant for the old Roman calendar, commemorates Valentine on this date.“ 
  9. Fedorova, Tatiana „St. Valentine“. Pravmir (14-fevral 2012-yil). Qaraldi: 4-dekabr 2012-yil.
  10. „St. Valentine“. Come and See Icons, Books & Art (6-iyul 2012-yil). Qaraldi: 4-dekabr 2012-yil.
  11. Leigh Eric Schmidt, „The Fashioning of a Modern Holiday: St. Valentineʼs Day, 1840-1870“ Winterthur Portfolio 28.4 (Winter 1993), pp. 209-245.

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