Топос

То́пос (дав.-гр. τόπος — букв. «місце»; перен. «тема», «аргумент») має різні значення:

  • Топ або (рідше) топос в традиційній логіці і класичній риториці — аргумент (синоніми: «іторічне місце», «діалектичне місце»), загальнозначуще твердження або тема («загальне місце»).
  • З риторичної традиції виходить дослідження топосів або загальних місць (нім. Toposforschung) в літературознавстві — це створене Ернстом Робертом Курциусом напрям, який досліджує світову літературу через історію повторюваних мотивів (загальних місць; наприклад, «золота доба», «книга природи»).
  • Елементарний топос — тип категорій в теорії категорій в математиці, за своїми властивостями подібних до категорії множин. Об'єкт вивчення теорії топосів. Топоси, зокрема, використовуються в геометрії, топології, математичній логіці, інформатиці (в області баз даних).

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