2-енче гасырда Нагарджуна фараз иткәнчә дхарма һәм мокша, шул ук сәяхәтнең максатлары була алмый.[23] Ул без яшәгән дөнья һәм "мокша" концепциясендә уйланылган азатлык арасында аермаларга күрсәткән. Алар шулкадәр аерыла ки, дхарма һәм мокшаның бәйләнеше интеллектуаль рәвештә чагыштырыла алырлык түгел. Дхарма дөньяви фикерне таләп итә, мокша дөньяви булмаган аңлау, балкыш халәте. Нагарджуна шундый сорау биргән - дөньяви фикер процессы ничек дөньяви булмаган аңлауга китерә ала? [23] Karl Potter explains the answer to this challenge as one of context and framework, the emergence of broader general principles of understanding from thought processes that are limited in one framework.[24]
↑John Bowker, The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0192139658]], p. 650
E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 0-8153-3608-X]], Taylor and Francis, pp 343-360;
T. Chatterjee (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0739106921]], pp 89-102; Quote - "Moksa means freedom"; "Moksa is founded on atmajnana, which is the knowledge of the self.";
Jorge Ferrer, Transpersonal knowledge, in Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness (editors: Hart et al.), [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0791446157]], State University of New York Press, Chapter 10
↑John Tomer (2002), Human well-being: a new approach based on overall and ordinary functionings, Review of Social Economy, 60(1), pp 23-45; Quote - "The ultimate aim of Hindus is self-liberation or self-realization (moksha)."
A. Sharma (1982), The Puruṣārthas: a study in Hindu axiology, Michigan State University, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 9789993624318]], pp 9-12; See review by Frank Whaling in Numen, Vol. 31, 1 (Jul., 1984), pp. 140-142;
Gavin Flood (1996), The meaning and context of the Purusarthas, in Julius Lipner (Editor) - The Fruits of Our Desiring, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-1896209302]], pp 11-21;
Karl H. Potter (2002), Presuppositions of India's Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-8120807792]], pp. 1-29
↑The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: "Vimoksha [解脱]" (Skt.; Jpn. gedatsu). Emancipation, release, or liberation. The Sanskrit words vimukti, mukti, and moksha also have the same meaning. Vimoksha means release from the bonds of earthly desires, delusion, suffering, and transmigration. While Buddhism sets forth various kinds and stages of emancipation, or enlightenment, the supreme emancipation is nirvana (a 90s Band), a state of perfect quietude, freedom, and deliverance. See The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism, vimoksha 2014 елның 22 февраль көнендә архивланган.
Loy, David (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, 23 (1), pp 65–74;
T. Chatterjea (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0739106921]], pp 89; Quote - "In different philosophical systems moksa appears in different names, such as apavarga, nihsreyasa, nirvana, kaivalya, mukti, etc. These concepts differ from one another in detail."
↑Peter Harvey (2013), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0521859424]], Cambridge University Press
↑Knut Jacobsen, in The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies (Editor: Jessica Frazier), [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0-8264-9966-0]], pp 74-83
↑M. Hiriyanna (2000), The essentials of Indian philosophy, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-8120813304]], pp 50-52
↑ 13,013,113,213,313,4Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 41-48
S. R. Bhatt (1976), The Concept of Moksha--An Analysis, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Jun., 1976), pp. 564-570;
S.M.S. Chari (1994), Vaiṣṇavism: Its Philosophy, Theology, and Religious Discipline, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-8120810983]], 2nd Edition, Motilal Banarsidass, pp 122-123
David White (1960), Moksa as value and experience, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 9, No. 3/4 (Oct., 1959 - Jan., 1960), pp. 145-161
↑N. Ross Reat (1990), The Origins of Indian Psychology, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 0-89581-924-4]], Asian Humanities Press, Chapter 2
Simon Brodbeck (2011), Sanskrit Epics: The Ramayana, Mahabharata and Harivamsa, in Jessica Frazier (Editor) - The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0-8264-9966-0]], pp 83-100
J. A. B. Van Buitenen, Dharma and Moksa, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 33-40
↑E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 0-8153-3608-X]], Taylor and Francis, pp 343-360
↑ 18,018,118,2Klaus Klostermaier, Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan., 1985), pp. 61-71
Karl Potter, Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 8, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1958), pp. 49-63
Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 41-48
↑One of three qualities or habits of an individual; sattvam represents spiritual purity; sattvic people, claims Samkhya school, are those who see world's welfare as a spiritual principle. See cited Ingalls reference.
↑ 22,022,1Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 45-46
↑ 23,023,1Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 46
↑Karl Potter, Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 8, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1958), pp. 49-63
↑ 25,025,1Daniel H. H. Ingalls, Dharma and Moksha, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 47
↑
Daniel H. H. Ingalls, "Dharma and Moksha", Philosophy East and West, Vol. 7, No. 1/2 (Apr. - Jul., 1957), pp. 48
Klaus Klostermaier (1985), Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, 35 (1), pp 61-71
Roeser, R.W. (2005), An introduction to Hindu Indiaís contemplative psychological perspectives on motivation, self, and development, in M.L. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 14: Religion and Motivation. Elsevier, pp. 297-345
↑Sometimes called Katha Upanishad - for example, by Max Muller, Nakhilananda
↑[a]Atman 2014 елның 30 декабрь көнендә архивланган., Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press (2012), Quote: "1. real self of the individual; 2. a person's soul"; [b] John Bowker (2000), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0192800947]], See entry for Atman; [c] WJ Johnson (2009), A Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0198610250]], See entry for Atman (self).
↑[a] David Lorenzen (2004), The Hindu World (Editors: Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby), Routledge, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 0-415215277]], pages 208-209, Quote: "Advaita and nirguni movements, on the other hand, stress an interior mysticism in which the devotee seeks to discover the identity of individual soul (atman) with the universal ground of being (brahman) or to find god within himself".; [b] Richard King (1995), Early Advaita Vedanta and Buddhism, State University of New York Press, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0791425138]], page 64, Quote: "Atman as the innermost essence or soul of man, and Brahman as the innermost essence and support of the universe. (...) Thus we can see in the Upanishads, a tendency towards a convergence of microcosm and macrocosm, culminating in the equating of atman with Brahman". [c] Chad Meister (2010), The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity, Oxford University Press, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0195340136]], page 63; Quote: "Even though Buddhism explicitly rejected the Hindu ideas of Atman (soul) and Brahman, Hinduism treats Sakyamuni Buddha as one of the ten avatars of Vishnu."
↑Linda Johnsen (2002), The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0936663289]], pp 51-52; for sanskrit original see: सरस्वतीरहस्योपनिषत् sarasvatIrahasya
↑Мәсьәлән, Адхьятма Упанишада нирвана, кайвалья һәм "мокша" өчен бөтен өч сүзне дә куллана (Verses 12, 16, 69, 70); K.N. Aiyar (Transl. 1914), Thirty Minor Upanishads, University of Toronto Robart Library Archives, Canada, pp 55-60
↑A. Sharma, The realization of Kaivalya in the Poetry of Les A Murray: An Indian Perspective, Explorations in Australian Literature, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-8176257091]], Chapter 18, pp 187
↑ 44,044,1Чыганакка җибәрү хатасы: Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок pjaini не указан текст
↑Чыганакка җибәрү хатасы: Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок davidloy не указан текст
↑ 46,046,146,2A. Sharma (2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0195644418]], pp 117
↑Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 1, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4]]
↑Note: Each school has a different meaning for moksha. For example, Mimamsa school considers moksha as release into svarga (heaven), it does not recognize samsara; while Nyaya school considers moksha as linked to samsara and a release from it; See: The Purva-Mimamsa Sutra of Jaimini, Transl: M.L. Sandal (1923), Chapter II, Pada I and Chapter VI, Pada I through VIII; Also see Klaus Klostermaier, A Survey of Hinduism, 3rd Edition, [[Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/[[[{{{lc}}}|просмотр]]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=edit}} править]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=history}} история]] [[{{fullurl:{{{lc}}}|action=watch}} следить]] [обновить]|ISBN 978-0-7914-7082-4]], Chapter 26
