İlaç etkileşimi

İlaç etkileşimleri, bir ilacın etki mekanizması, yiyecekler, içecekler veya diğer ilaçlar gibi maddelerin birlikte uygulanmasıyla bozulduğunda meydana gelir. Nedeni genellikle ilaç için mevcut olan spesifik reseptörlerin inhibisyonudur ve ilaç moleküllerini amaçlanmayan diğer hedeflere bağlanmaya zorlar ve bu da bir dizi yan etki ile sonuçlanır.

Altta yatan faktörler

  • Yaşlılık: İnsan fizyolojisinin yaşla birlikte değişimine ilişkin faktörler, ilaçların etkileşimini etkileyebilir. Örneğin karaciğer metabolizması, böbrek fonksiyonu, sinir iletimi veya kemik iliğinin işleyişi yaşla birlikte azalır. Ayrıca yaşlılıkta ilaç uygulamasında hata yapma olasılığını artıran duyusal bir azalma vardır.[1]
  • Polifarmasi: Bir veya daha fazla rahatsızlığı tedavi etmek için tek bir hasta tarafından birden fazla ilacın kullanılması. Bir hasta ne kadar çok ilaç alırsa, bazılarının etkileşime girme olasılığı o kadar artar.
  • Genetik faktörler: Genler, ilaçları metabolize eden enzimleri sentezler. Bazı ırklar, bu enzimlerin aktivitesini azaltabilecek veya artırabilecek genotipik varyasyonlara sahiptir. Bunun sonucu, bazı durumlarda, ilaç etkileşimlerine karşı daha büyük bir yatkınlık ve dolayısıyla yan etkilerin meydana gelmesi için daha büyük bir yatkınlık olacaktır. Bu, sitokrom P450'nin izozimlerindeki genotip varyasyonlarında görülür.
  • Karaciğer veya böbrek hastalıkları: Karaciğerde metabolize edilen ve/veya böbrekler tarafından elimine edilen ilaçların kan konsantrasyonları, bu organlardan herhangi biri düzgün çalışmıyorsa değişebilir. Bu durumda, normal olarak kan konsantrasyonunda bir artış görülür.[2]
  • İlacın dozu azaltılırsa kötüleşebilecek ciddi hastalıklar .
  • İlaca bağımlı faktörler:[3]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Predicting and Preventing Adverse Drug Reactions in the Very Old". Drugs & Aging. 22 (5): 375-392. 2005. doi:10.2165/00002512-200522050-00003. PMID 15903351. 
  2. ^ Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz <ref> etiketi; Rocío isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme)
  3. ^ Castells Molina, S.; Castells, S. y Hernández Pérez, M. Farmacología en enfermería Published by Elsevier Spain, 2007 84-8174-993-1, 9788481749939 Available from

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