Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi

Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi (veya pediatrik psikiyatri), çocuklarda, ergenlerde ve ailelerinde ruhsal bozuklukların tanı, tedavi ve önlenmesine odaklanan bir psikiyatri dalıdır. Psikiyatrik bozuklukların gelişimini ve seyrini etkileyen biyopsikososyal faktörleri ve çeşitli müdahalelere verilen tedavi yanıtlarını araştırır.[1] Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatristleri, pediatrik popülasyondaki ruhsal bozuklukları tedavi etmek için öncelikle psikoterapi ve/veya ilaç kullanır.

Seçilmiş hastalıklar

Gelişimsel bozukluklar

Dikkat ve davranış bozuklukları

Psikotik bozukluklar

  • Çocukluk şizofrenisi

Duygudurum bozuklukları

Anksiyete bozuklukları

Yeme bozuklukları

Cinsiyet kimliği Bozukluğu

  • Çocuklarda cinsiyet kimliği bozukluğu

Bozukluklar sıklıkla diğer hastalıklara eşlik eder. Örneğin, bir ergene hem majör depresif bozukluk hem de yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu teşhisi konulabilir. Ergenlik döneminde psikiyatrik komorbiditelerin insidansı diğer değişkenlerin yanı sıra ırk, etnik köken ve sosyoekonomik duruma göre değişebilir.[2]

Tedavi

Tedavi genellikle şu unsurlardan bir veya daha fazlasını içerecektir: davranış terapisi,[3] bilişsel-davranışçı terapi,[4] problem çözme terapileri,[5] psikodinamik terapi,[6][7] ebeveyn eğitim programları,[8] aile terapisi,[9] ve/veya ilaç kullanımı.[10] Tedaviler ayrıca çocuk doktorları,[11] birinci basamak hekimleri[12] veya okullardan, çocuk mahkemelerinden, sosyal kurumlardan veya diğer toplum kuruluşlarından profesyonellerle istişareyi içerebilir.[13]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009, ISBN 9780781793872, 14 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 14 Temmuz 2021 
  2. ^ Weller (2018). "Estimated Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in U.S. Adolescents With Depression by Race/Ethnicity, 2011-2012". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 62 (6): 716-721. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.12.020. ISSN 1879-1972. PMID 29784115. 
  3. ^ Herbert, Martin. Chapter 53, Behavioural therapies, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  4. ^ Brent, David, Gaynor, Scott and Weersing, Robin. Chapter 54, Cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of depression and anxiety. In Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  5. ^ Compas, Bruce, Benson, Molly et al. Chapter 55, Problem-solving and problem-solving therapies, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  6. ^ Lieberman A.F. (2005). "Towards evidence-based treatment: Child-parent psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 44 (12): 1241-1248. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000181047.59702.58. PMID 16292115. 
  7. ^ "When parenting becomes unthinkable: Intervening with traumatized parents and their toddlers". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 48 (3): 249-254. 2009. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181948ff1. PMID 19242290. 
  8. ^ Scott, Stephen. Chapter 56, Parent training programmes, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  9. ^ Jacobs, Brian and Peaarse, Joanna.Chapter 57, Family therapy, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  10. ^ Heyman, Isobel and Santosh, Paramala. Chapter 59, Pharmacological and other physical treatments, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  11. ^ Rauch, Paula and Jellinek, Michael. Chapter 62, Paediatric consultation, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  12. ^ Garralda, Elena. Chapter 65, Primary health care psychiatry, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)
  13. ^ Nicol, Rory. Chapter 64, Practice in non-medical settings, in Rutter and Taylor (2002)

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