Yüzey dalgası

John William Strutt

Yüzey dalgası bir çeşit deprem dalgasıdır. Merkez üsten (odak bölgesinden) ortaya çıkar ve yayılır. Bu dalga Rayleigh ve Love dalgaları olmak üzere iki sınıfa ayrılır.[1] Yüzey dalgası diğer deprem dalgalarına nazaran daha yavaştır. Yüzey dalgaları oluşurken zemin hareket hâlinde olur ve bu dalgaların zemine uyguladığı kuvvet zamanla artar.

Rayleigh Dalgası ilk 1885 yılında John William Strutt tarafından incelenmiş ayrıca matematiksel olarak modellenmiştir. Rayleigh dalgası aynı bir su birikintisine atılan bir taş sonucu merkezden yayılan dalgalar gibidir. Bu dalgalar yer yuvarlanması olarak da bilinmektedir. "R" harfi ile gösterilir Rayleigh dalgası yeryüzü boyunca yayılırken bir çeşit yuvarlanma hareketi yaptıklarından dolayı, geçtikleri ortam içerisinde bulunan tanecikler, yayılma doğrultusu boyunca ters bir elips hareketi çizerler. Tanecikler yaptıkları hareket sırasında küçülerek yok olur.[2]

Rayleigh dalgasının oluşması için esnek bir yüzey bulunması gerekmektedir bunu okyanuslar karşılamaktadır. Ancak böyle bir ortam içerisinde, serbest yüzeye yakın bir yerde P ve SV dalgalarının girişimi sonucu Rayleigh dalgaları oluşur.

Augustus Edward Hough Love

Love dalgası, ilk kez İngiliz matematikçi Augustus Edward Hough Love tarafından 1911 yılında incelenmiş ve matematiksel olarak modellenmiştir. Rayleigh dalgalarından daha hızlıdır bu yüzden Rayleigh dalgalarından daha erken görünürler. Bu iki dalga arasındaki fark sismograf üzerinde görülemeyecek kadar küçüktür. Love dalgaları oluşması için elastik bir düzlem olması gerekmektedir bunu yerkürenin yüzey katmanı sayesinde görebiliriz. Yer kabuğunun yatay yönlü hareket eder. Hareket yönüyle cisim dalgası olan S dalgasına benzer. Deprem sonrası dışarıya çıktığımızda yerlerde çatlaklar görürüz bazen ise derin yarıklar oluşur. Bu yarıkların oluşmasına Love dalgaları sebep olur.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Deprem Dalgaları ve Büyüklüğü". depremmalzemeleri.com. 10 Ocak 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Nisan 2020. 
  2. ^ "SİSMİK DALGALAR" (PDF). Yüzey Dalgaları. 25 Kasım 2019. Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2022. 

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