Yeni Gine Bölgesi

Yeni Gine Bölgesi
Territory of New Guinea[1]
1914–1975
{{{arma_açıklaması}}}
Arma
TürAvustralya Manda Bölgesi
(1920–1946)
Avustralya BM Vesayet Bölgesi
(1946–1975)
BaşkentRabaul (1914–1937)
Lae (1937–1942)
Wau (1942)
Yaygın dil(ler)İngilizce (resmî)
Avustronezya dilleri
Papua dilleri
Tok Pisin}}
Alman kreolu
HükûmetManda Bölgesi, daha sonra Avustralya BM Mütevelli Heyeti Bölgesi
Monarşi 
• 1914–1936
V. George
• 1952–1975
II. Elizabeth
Yönetici 
• 1914–1915
William Holmes (ilk)
• 1934–1942
Walter McNicoll (son)[2]
Yasama organıPapua ve Yeni Gine Anayasa Konseyi
Meclis
Tarihçe 
28 Haziran 1919
16 September 1975[3]
Para birimiAvustralya sterlini
Öncüller
Ardıllar
Alman Yeni Ginesi
Papua ve Yeni Gine Bölgesi
Papua Yeni Gine
Pasifik'teki Manda bölgeleri:



1. Güney Denizleri Mandası
2. Yeni Gine Mandası
3. Nauru Mandası
4. Batı Samoa Mandası

Yeni Gine Bölgesi, 1914'ten 1975'e kadar Yeni Gine adasında Avustralya tarafından yönetilen bir Birleşmiş Milletler vesayet bölgesiydi. 1949'da bölge Papua Bölgesi ile birleştirilerek Papua ve Yeni Gine Bölgesi adıyla idarî bir birlik kuruldu. Bu idarî birliğin adı 1971'de Papua Yeni Gine olarak değiştirildi. Bir idarî birliğin parçası olmasına rağmen, Yeni Gine Bölgesi, Bağımsız Papua Yeni Gine Devleti' kuruluşuna kadar her zaman ayrı bir yasal statü ve kimlik haklarını korudu.

Alman Samoası ve Nauru dışında Ekvator'un güneyinde yer alan Pasifik Okyanusu'ndaki Alman Mülkiyetleri için Manda başlıklı ilk Avustralya mandası, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Avustralya kuvvetleri tarafından ele geçirilip işgal edilen önceki Alman Yeni Ginesi'ne dayanıyordu. .

Yeni Gine Bölgesi'nin çoğu, 1942 ile 1945 yılları arasında İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Japonya tarafından işgal edildi. Bu süre zarfında, Yeni Britanya adasındaki Rabaul büyük bir Japon üssü haline geldi. II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra, Papua ve Yeni Gine toprakları, Papua Yeni Gine Geçici Yönetim Yasası (1945–46) uyarınca bir idarî birlik içinde birleştirildi.

Papua ile idarî birleştirme

Savaştan sonra, Papua ve Yeni Gine'nin sivil yönetimi restore edildi ve 1945–46 tarihli Papua Yeni Gine Geçici Yönetim Yasası uyarınca Papua ve Yeni Gine yeni bir idarî yönetim olarak birleştirildi.[4][5] Papua ve Yeni Gine Yasası 1949, Papua Bölgesi ile Yeni Gine Bölgesi'ni Papua ve Yeni Gine Bölgesi olarak birleştirdi. Kanun, bir Yasama Konseyi (1951'de kurulmuştu), bir adlî teşkilat, bir kamu hizmeti ve bir yerel yönetim sistemi sağlıyordu.[4]

Avustralya Dış Bölgeler Bakanı Andrew Peacock altında, bölge 1972'de özerkliği kabul etti ve 15 Eylül 1975'te Avustralya'daki Whitlam Hükûmeti döneminde, bölge Papua Yeni Gine adı ile bağımsızlığını ilan etti.[6]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ New Guinea Act, 1920 to 1945; Papua and New Guinea Act, 1949 (as to its official and commonly used name being Territory of New Guinea and not Trust Territory of New Guinea
  2. ^ McNicoll was the last administrator who ran a separate administration from Papua
  3. ^ As to the Territory of New Guinea having continued to have a legal existence as a distinct territory, separate and distinct from the Territory of Papua, note the following Recital to the Papua New Guinea Independence Act, 1975 "WHEREAS the Papua and New Guinea Act 1949 provided for the administration of the Territory of Papua and the Territory of New Guinea by Australia in an administrative union, by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, whilst maintaining the identity and status of the Territory of New Guinea as a Trust Territory and the identity and status of the Territory of Papua as a Possession of the Crown".
  4. ^ a b "Papua New Guinea". State.gov. 12 Aralık 2012. 21 Ocak 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Haziran 2013. 
  5. ^ "Papua-New Guinea Provisional Administration Act 1945". 4 Nisan 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Nisan 2023. 
  6. ^ "In office – Gough Whitlam – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers". Primeministers.naa.gov.au. 12 Eylül 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Haziran 2013. 

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