Yeni Dünya akbabaları

Yeni Dünya akbabaları
Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 66-0 myö
Senozoyik 
Kral akbaba (Sarcoramphus papa)
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Hayvan
Şube: Chordata
Sınıf: Aves
Takım: Cathartiformes
Familya: Cathartidae
Lafresnaye, 1839
Cinsler
Metne bakınız.
Dağılımı

Yeni Dünya akbabaları (Cathartidae), Amerika kıtasında yaşayan akbaba türlerinin oluşturduğu bir kuş familyasıdır. Eski Dünya akbabaları ve Yeni Dünya akbabaları, fenotip ve beslenme alışkanlıkları açısından birbirine benzeseler de aralarında hiçbir genetik bağlantı bulunmamaktadır

Bunlardan en büyüğü Güney Amerika'da yaşayan And kondoru (Vultur gryphus), en yaygın türüyse hindi akbabasıdır. (Cathartes aura)

Leşçil beslenirler. Bazı türleri yerleşik yaşarken bazıları göçmendir. Tüm türlerin baş ve boyunları tüysüzdür.[1] Uzun, geniş kanatları ve set kuyrukları sayesinde süzülmeye en iyi uyum sağlayan kuş türleri bunlardır.[2][3] Ayakları pençeli, ön parmakları uzun ve hafifçe perdelidir[4] ve kavramaya elverişli değildir[5] Gagaları kısmen eğri ve diğer yırtıcı kuşlara kıyasla zayıf[5] olan Yeni Dünya Akbabaları, bu sebepten taze eti parçalayamaz ve çürük et tercih ederler.[3] Oval şeklinde olan[6] burun delikleri arasında perde olmadığından bu kuşlara yandan bakan biri diğer burun deliğinden dışarıyı görebilir.[7] Gözlerinin üzerinde kaş kemiği bulunmamasıyla gündüz yırtıcı kuşlarından ayırılabilirler.[6]

Yeni moleküler biyoloji çalışmalarının sonuçlarına göre Yeni Dünya akbabaları daha çok leyleklerle (Ciconiidae) akrabadırlar. Bu yüzden bir dönem, önceden olduğu gibi Falconiformes (gündüz yırtıcıları) takımı yerine Ciconiiformes (leylekler ve balıkçıllar) takımına yerleştirilmişlerdir. Ancak en son yapılan genetik araştırmalar, onları tamamen kendilerine ait olan Cathartiformes takımına yerleştirmiştir.[8][9]

Yeni Dünya akbabaları, Kanada'nın kuzey bölgeleri dışında Amerika kıtasının tamamında bulunabilirler.

Cinsler ve türler

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Zim et al. (2001)
  2. ^ Reed (1914)
  3. ^ a b Ryser & Ryser (1985)
  4. ^ Feduccia (1999)
  5. ^ a b Krabbe (1990)
  6. ^ a b Terres (1991)
  7. ^ Allaby (1992)
  8. ^ Ligon, J. David. "Relationships of the cathartid vultures." (1967).
  9. ^ Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

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