Trabzon hurması

Trabzon hurması
Korunma durumu

Asgari endişe altında (IUCN 3.1)
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Plantae
Şube: Tracheophyta
Sınıf: Magnoliopsida
Takım: Ericales
Familya: Ebenaceae
Cins: Diospyros
Tür: D. kaki
İkili adlandırma
Diospyros kaki
L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 439 (1782).

Trabzon hurması (Diospyros kaki), cennet hurması, cennet elması, Japon hurması, Karaağaç hurması ya da Akdeniz hurması, yöresel adı ile ambe veya amme; abanozgiller (Ebenaceae) familyasından, anavatanı Çin olan bir meyvedir.[1] Akdeniz Bölgesi gibi subtropik iklim kuşaklarında yetişen bir ağaç türü ve bunun meyvesine verilen ad. "Hurma" Farsça khurmalu, yani erik hurması adından gelmedir. Türkiye'ye ilk defa 1920 yıllarında Fransızlar tarafından getirilip Hatay bölgesinde yetiştirilmiştir, bu nedenle meyvenin ismi tini frence (Fransız inciri) veya Frenk elması olarak da bilinir. Çin'de evcilleştirilmiş bir meyvedir.[2]

Morfolojik özellikleri

Kışın yaprağını döken, geniş tepeli seyrek dallı bir ağaççıktır. Gövdenin kabuğu levhalar hâlinde çatlaklıdır. Yapraklar eliptik bir yapıda 6–15 cm uzunluğunda, üst yüzü parlak koyu yeşil ve tüysüz, alt yüzü tüylüdür. Sarımsı beyaz çiçekleri haziran ayında açar. Meyveleri sonbaharda olgunlaşır. Portakal rengindeki meyveleri şekerli ve tanence zengin olduğundan halk arasında tüketilmektedir. Türkiye'de Karadeniz kıyıları ile Hatay ve Antalya civarında yetiştirilir.

Dünyada Akdeniz hurmasının 2 milyon ton civarında üretildiği tahmin edilmektedir. Çin en önemli üretici konumunda bulunurken bunu sırayla Güney Kore, Japonya, Brezilya ve İtalya izlemektedir. Yeni Zelanda, Avustralya ve Şili ise Trabzon hurması üretimine yönelen ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Ancak Türkiye'de bu meyve 40'ın üzerinde ilde yetiştirilmesine rağmen üretim yıllık 15 bin tonu geçmemektedir.[3]

İçeriği

Trabzon hurması özellikle A vitamini ve karbonhidratlarca zengindir.[4] 100 gramında 14-20 gram arasında vitamin (20-25 miligram arasında C vitamini ile riboflavin, niasin ve tiamin gibi bazı B vitamini çeşitleri); 0,7 gram protein ve 0,4 gram yağ içermektedir. Ayrıca mineral madde içeriği bakımından zengin olup özellikle potasyum, kalsiyum ve fosforu en yüksek oranlarda ihtiva etmektedir.

Bazı meyvelerle sakkaroz ve fruktoz kıyaslaması[5]

Sakkaroz (d/dl)

  • Muz 8,8
  • Elma 3,1
  • Portakal 2,5
  • Erik 2,0
  • Bal 1,9
  • Armut 1,7
  • Çilek 0,7
  • Hurma 0,3
  • Üzüm 0,2
  • İncir 0,1
  • Kiraz 0,1

Fruktoz (g/dl)

  • Bal 40,5
  • İncir 30,5
  • Hurma 23,9
  • Erik 15,0
  • Üzüm 7,3
  • Kiraz 7,2
  • Elma 5,0
  • Armut 5,0
  • Muz 3,7
  • Çilek 2,3
  • Portakal 1,8

Faydaları

Yapılan tıbbi araştırmalarda özellikle kalp-damar, sindirim sistemi hastalıklarına iyi geldiği, bağışıklık sistemini kuvvetlendirdiği, sindirim sistemi hastalıklarının tedavisinde kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.[4] Ayrıca zayıflama, 100 gramda 0,3 miligram demir ihtiva etmesi nedeniyle kansızlığın; A, B, C vitaminlerini ihtiva ettiğinden de vitamin eksikliğinin tedavisinde kullanılabilmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalarda, kolesterolü ve yüksek tansiyonu düşürücü özelliğinin olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.[4]

Kocayemiş, kara hurma adlarıyla da bilinen meyve bol miktarda protein, karbonhidrat, selüloz, fosfor, kalsiyum, demir, sodyum, tanen, potasyum, magnezyum; A, B1, B2, B3, C vitaminleri içermektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız

Fotoğraf galerisi

Kaynakça

  1. ^ CABI (2019-11-22). "Diospyros kaki (persimmon)". CABI Compendium. CABI Compendium: 19575. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.19575. 
  2. ^ "Diospyros Kaki - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Erişim tarihi: 3 Kasım 2024. 
  3. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 24 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2013. 
  4. ^ a b c "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 24 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2013. 
  5. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya" (PDF). 24 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Aralık 2013. 

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