Prima materia

Felsefi maddenin her yerde varlığını tasvir eden simya amblemi. "Merkür olan Taş, Dünya üzerine atılır, Dağlarda yüceltilir, havada bulunur ve Sularda beslenir."[1] ( Michael Maier'in Atalanta Fugiens . 1617. ) Küpler, prima materia'yı temsil eder.

Simya'da ve felsefede, prima materia, materia prima veya ilk madde (felsefi tasvir için: Hilomorfizm) simyevi magnum opus ve felsefe taşı için gereken her yerde birden bulunan bir başlangıç materyalidir. Kaos'a benzeyen her madde için bir ilkel biçimsiz taban, Esîr'in özü. Ezoterik Simyacılar prima materia'yı simile kullanarak ve anima mundi gibi kavramlarla karşılaştırarak anlatırlar.

Tarihi

Prima materia kavramı bazen Aristoteles'e atfedilir.[2] Düşüncenin ilk kökleri Anaksagoras'ın felsefesinde bulunabilir. Kendisi, nous'u kaos ile alakalı olarak tanımlamıştı. Empedokles'in kozmogoni'si de konuyla ayrıca alakalı.[3]

Simya, Greko-Romen Mısır'da Yunan felsefesinin temelleri üzerine geliştiğinde, ana ilke olarak prima materia kavramını içeriyordu. Mary Anne Atwood, Arnaldus de Villa Nova'ya atfedilen kelimeleri, simyanın temel teorisinde prima materia'nın rolünü tanımlamak için kullanır: "Doğada, sanat tarafından keşfedilip mükemmelliğe getirilen belirli bir saf madde vardır. orantılı olarak dokunduğu tüm kusurlu bedenleri kendisine dönüştürür."[4] Prima materia'nın açıklamaları tarih boyunca değişmiş olsa da, kavram simya düşüncesinin merkezinde kalmıştır.

Özellikleri

Simya yazarları, prima materia'nın evrensel doğasını tanımlamak için benzetmeler kullandılar. Arthur Edward Waite, tüm simya yazarlarının "gerçek adını" gizlediğini belirtir. Çünkü prima materia, temel şeylerin tüm niteliklerine ve özelliklerine sahip olduğu için, ona her türlü şeyin adı verildi. Theatrum Chemicum'da benzer bir açıklama bulunabilir:

"Prima materia"yı her şey ile karşılaştırdılar, erkek ve kadına, çift cinsiyetli canavara, cennet ve dünyaya, beden ve ruha, kaosa, mikrokozmosa ve şaşkın kütleye; kendisi her renkte ve potansiyel olarak her türlü metalde bulunur; dünyada bundan daha olağanüstü bir şey yoktur, çünkü kendini var eder, anlar ve kendini doğurur.

Karşılaştırmalar sahip oldu yapılan Hyle, ilkel ateş, Proteus, Işık ve Cıva.[5] Martin Ruland listeler en fazla elli eş için prima materia onun 1612 simya sözlük. Metin onun isim ve karşılaştırmalar için gerekçeler içerir. O, "filozoflar yeterince övgü nasıl bilmedikleri için birçok isim ve hemen hemen her olası açıklama için verilen, onlar çok İlkel Madde olarak adlandırılan Tanrı'nın Yaratığı hayran, özellikle etkinlik ve gizemi ile ilgili olarak, sahip Tekrarlıyor." Waite ek seksen dört adlarını listeler.

Ruland'ın 1612'de yazdığı simya sözlüğü, Lexicon alchemiae sive dictionarium alchemistarum'daki Prima Materia'ya verilen isimler.[6]

  • Mikrokozmos
  • Felsefe Taşı
  • Kartal Taşı
  • Yaşam Suyu
  • Yılan Zehri
  • Zehir
  • Oda
  • Ruh
  • İlaç
  • Cennet
  • Bulutlar
  • Nebula veya Sis
  • Çiğ
  • Gölge
  • Ay
  • Stella Signata ve Lucifer
  • Kalıcı Su
  • Yanan Su
  • Potasyum Nitrat tuzu ve Güherçile
  • Kül suyu
  • Gelin, Eş, Anne, Havva
  • Saf ve Kirlenmemiş Bakire
  • Bakire Sütü, veya İncir
  • Kaynayan Süt
  • Bal
  • Spiritüel Kan
  • Küvet
  • Şurup
  • Sirke
  • Kurşun
  • Tin
  • Doğanın Sülfürü
  • Ayın Tükürüğü
  • Cevher
  • Yılan
  • Ejderha
  • Mermer, Kristal, Cam
  • İskoç Mücevheri
  • İdrar
  • Magnezyum
  • Mıknatıs
  • Beyaz Ethesia
  • Beyaz Nem
  • Beyaz Duman
  • Gübre
  • Metalik Varlık
  • Merkür
  • Elementlerin ruhu ve cenneti
  • Bütün Biçimlerin Cismi
  • Filozofların Tartarı
  • Çözülmüş Atık
  • Gökkuşağı
  • Hindistan Altını
  • Güneşin Kalbi
  • Kaos
  • Venüs

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Michael Maier. Atalanta Fugiens. 1617. Emblem 36. Translation Peter Branwin. http://www.levity.com/alchemy/atl35-40.html 8 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
  2. ^ King (June 1956). "Aristotle without Prima Materia". Journal of the History of Ideas. University of Pennsylvania Press. 17 (3): 370-389. doi:10.2307/2707550. 
  3. ^ Carl Jung. Psychology and Alchemy. Princeton University Press. 1953. p.325.
  4. ^ Mary Anne Atwood. A Suggestive Inquiry into Hermetic Mystery. 1918. p. 72
  5. ^ Mary Anne Atwood. A Suggestive Inquiry into Hermetic Mystery. 1918.
  6. ^ Martin Ruland. Lexicon Alchemiae. 1661. https://books.google.com/books?id=NWJAAAAAcAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s

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