Mohs sertliği

On numaralı sertlik ölçeğinde her mineralden bir numune içeren Mohs sertlik kiti

Mohs sertlik skalası (Mohs sertlik cetveli), Minerallerin sertliği Avusturyalı mineralog Friedrich Mohs tarafından 1812'de ortaya konulan ve Mohs sertlik dizisi adı verilen bir ölçek yardımıyla nisbi olarak ölçülür. Mohs sertlik skalasına göre bir mineralin sertliğini bulmak için, sertliği bilinen mineral veya minerallerle, sertliği saptanacak olan mineral birbirine sürtülür ve sertliği bilinmeyen mineralin hangi minerali çizdiği ve hangisiyle çizildiği belirlenir. Sonuçta bu işleme göre mineralin sertliği bulunmuş olur. Örneğin, Apatit'i çizip kuvars ile çizilen bir mineralin Mohs skalasına göre sertliği 6 dır. Diğer bir yöntem Mohs skalasında bilinen değerleri olan bir seri madde ile çizme deneyi şeklindedir. Örneğin bir madde flüoriti ile çizilmez ama apatit'le çizilirse, Mohs sertlik derecesi 4 ile 5 arasındadır.

Kırılgan olan mineraller diğer minerallere sürtülünce kırılıp, ufalandıkları için oldukları sertlik derecesinden daha düşük değerlerde gibi görünebilirler.

Çok yumuşak (sertliği az olan) mineraller sürtülme esnasında tozlarını sert mineral üzerinde bırakabileceğinden, sanki sert minerali çizmiş gibi bir görüntü verebilmektedir.

Sertliğe ilk kez bilimsel yaklaşımda bulunan Mohs'un ardından 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Rockwell kullanımı çok daha kolay ve ucuz bir sistem geliştirmiştir. Günümüzde hâlen daha geniş alanlarda kullanılan bu sisteme ek olarak Brinell ve Vickers sertlik ölçme testleri de vardır.

Sertlik

Minerallerin çizilmeye karşı gösterdikleri direnç sertlik olarak bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla sertlik mineralin çizilebilirlik özelliği olarak da adlandırılabilir. Minerallerin sertliği doğrudan kristal yapıları ve atomlar arasındaki bağ kuvvetleri ile ilintilidir. Bağ kuvvetleri arttıkça minerallerin sertliği de artmaktadır. Sertlik bağıl bir kavram olup, sertlik derecesinin saptanması sertliği bilinen bir mineral veya çakı, iğne vb. malzemelerle deneme yoluyla yapılır. Bunun için en yaygın olarak kullanılan skala (çizelge) Mohs'un geliştirdiği çizelgedir. Mohs sertlik dizisinde 10 mineralin sertliği en yumuşak olandan en sert olana doğru sıralanmıştır. Bu çizelgeye göre en yumuşak olandan sert olana doğru yapılan sıralama şöyledir;

Mohs Skalası

Mineralin sertliği diğer bir mineralin çizmesi ile tanınır.

Sertlik Mineral Formülü Mutlak Sertlik Resim Çizme denemesi
1 Talk Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 1 Tırnakla çizilenler
2 Jips CaSO4·2H2O 2 Çakı ve iğne ile çizilenler
3 Kalsit (CaCO3) 9 Çakı ve iğne ile çizilenler
4 Fluorit CaF2 21 Çakı ve iğne ile çizilenler
5 Apatit Ca5(PO4)3(OH-,Cl-,F-) 48 Eğe ile çizilenler
6 Ortoklas KAlSi3O8 72 Eğe ile çizilenler
7 Kuvars SiO2 100 Camı kuvvetle çizenler
8 Topaz Al2SiO4(OH-,F-)2 200 Camı kuvvetle çizenler
9 Yakut veya Safir Al2O3 400 Camı kuvvetle çizenler
10 Elmas C 1500 sadece çok güçlü lazerlerle çizilenler

Mohs sertlik skalası saf bir sırasal bir ölçek örneğidir; yani Mohs sertlik numarası sadece bir sıralama sayısı olup her bir sertlik derecesi arasındaki oranlar eşit değildir. Örneğin Mohs sertlik derecesi (9) olan korendon, Mohs sertlik derecesi (8) olan topaz'dan mutlak olarak 32 defa daha serttir; diğer taraftan Mohs sertlik derecesi (10) olan elmas, (9) Mohs dereceli korendon'dan mutlak olarak 4 misli serttir. Yukarıdaki tablo sklerometre ile ölçülen mutlak sertlik değerlerini de vermektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

Read other articles:

Bahasa ChamDituturkan diKamboja, VietnamPenutur395,000 (2002–2006)Rumpun bahasaAustronesia Melayu-PolinesiaMelayu-Polinesia IntiMelayu-SumbawaChamikChamik PesisirCham Bentuk awalProto-Chamik Cham KunoCham Sistem penulisanAksara Cham (Vietnam), Arab (Kamboja)Status resmiBahasa resmi ditidak ada, diakui sebagai bahasa minoritas di Kamboja dan VietnamKode bahasaISO 639-3Mencakup:cja – Cham Baratcjm – Cham Timur  Portal BahasaSunting kotak info ...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) الملكة غيونغسن 경순왕후 معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد غير معروف تاريخ الوفاة غير معروف مواطنة مملكة غوريو...

 

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 宇都宮地方検察庁 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2021年11月) 日本の地方検察庁宇都宮地方検察庁 本...

Political, social, and cultural movement and theory Part of a series onFeminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim countries US Other women's rights Women's suffrage by country Austria Australia Canada Colombia India Japan Kuwait Liechtenstein New Zealand Spain Second Republic Francoist Switzerland United Kingdom Cayman Islands Wales United States states Intersectional ...

 

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Prasasti Wwahan – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Prasasti Wwahan, disebut juga Prasasti Bandaralim ditemukan dusun Bandaralim, Demangan, Kecamatan Tanjung Anom, Nganjuk. Prasasti berba...

 

Overview of the imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire Mahmudiye Marşı Mecidiye Marşı Aziziye Marşı Hamidiye Marşı Reşadiye Marşı Problems playing these files? See media help. The Ottoman Empire used anthems since its foundation in the late 13th century, but did not use a specific imperial or national anthem until the 19th century. During the reign of Mahmud II, when the military and imperial band were re-organized along Western European lines, Giuseppe Donizetti was invited to hea...

Romanian-American computer scientist and mathematician Ileana StreinuAlma materUniversity of BucharestRutgers UniversityKnown forWork on kinematics, structural rigidityScientific careerFieldsComputer Science, MathematicsInstitutionsSmith CollegeDoctoral advisorSolomon MarcusWilliam L. Steiger Ileana Streinu is a Romanian-American computer scientist and mathematician, the Charles N. Clark Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at Smith College in Massachusetts.[1] She ...

 

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с фамилией Шагурин. Николай Яковлевич Шагурин Дата рождения 4 (16) ноября 1908(1908-11-16) Место рождения Харьков Дата смерти 1983(1983) Место смерти Красноярск Гражданство  СССР Род деятельности писатель, журналист Жанр фантастика, приключен...

 

District in Province No. 5, Nepal For the former district, see Rukum District. District in Lumbini Province, NepalEastern Rukum District पूर्वी रुकुमDistrictMount SisneLocation of the district (dark yellow) in Lumbini ProvinceCoordinates: 28°22′N 82°22′E / 28.37°N 82.37°E / 28.37; 82.37Country   NepalProvinceLumbini ProvinceEstablished2015Admin HQ.RukumkotGovernment • TypeCoordination committee • Body...

1985 studio album by Conway TwittyDon't Call Him a CowboyStudio album by Conway TwittyReleasedJune 15, 1985Recorded1985GenreCountryLength32:21LabelWarner Bros. RecordsProducerConway Twitty, Dee Henry, Ron TreatConway Twitty chronology Conway's Latest Greatest Hits Volume 1(1984) Don't Call Him a Cowboy(1985) Chasin' Rainbows(1985) Singles from Don't Call Him a Cowboy Don't Call Him a CowboyReleased: February 1985 Between Blue Eyes and JeansReleased: July 6, 1985 Don't Call Him a Cowbo...

 

The 2nd National Congress of the Kuomintang (Chinese: 中國國民黨第二次全國代表大会) was the second national congress of the Kuomintang, held from 1 to 19 January 1926 at Guangzhou, Guangdong, Republic of China.[1] Results Chiang Kai-shek was elected to the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang for the very first time. See also Kuomintang References ^ Kuomintang News Network. kmt.org.tw. Archived from the original on 2014-07-09. Retrieved 2014-08-23. vteKuomin...

 

2015 video game 2015 video gameApotheonDeveloper(s)Alientrap[a]Publisher(s)AlientrapDirector(s)Lee VermeulenDesigner(s)Fredrik HenrikssonProgrammer(s)Lee VermeulenArtist(s)Jesse McGibneyWriter(s)Maciek PaprockiComposer(s)Marios AristopoulosEngineMicrosoft XNA, MonoGame[b]Platform(s)Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4ReleaseWindows, PS4 WW: February 3, 2015[1] OS X, Linux WW: February 10, 2015[2]Genre(s)Platform, Metroidvania[3]Mode(s)Single-player, mult...

Pub in the City of London Not to be confused with Hoop and Grapes, Farringdon Street. The Hoop and Grapes The Hoop and Grapes is a Grade II* listed public house at Aldgate High Street in the City of London.[1] Historic England notes that it was probably built in the late 17th century, and that it is a type of building once common in London but now very rare.[1] See also List of buildings that survived the Great Fire of London References ^ a b Historic England. Hoop and Grapes ...

 

Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India ThongjuConstituency No. 5 for the Manipur Legislative AssemblyConstituency detailsCountryIndiaRegionNortheast IndiaStateManipurDistrictImphal EastLS constituencyInner ManipurTotal electors32,132[1]ReservationNoneMember of Legislative Assembly12th Manipur Legislative AssemblyIncumbent Thongam Biswajit Singh PartyBharatiya Janata PartyElected year2022 Thongju (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 60 Vidhan Sabha constituencie...

 

English football manager (born 1983) For similarly named people, see Gary O'Neill. Gary O'Neil O'Neil warming-up for West Ham United in 2012Personal informationFull name Gary Paul O'Neil[1]Date of birth (1983-05-18) 18 May 1983 (age 40)[1]Place of birth Beckenham, England[2]Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)[3]Position(s) MidfielderTeam informationCurrent team Wolverhampton Wanderers (head coach)Youth career PortsmouthSenior career*Years Team Apps (G...

French sculptor Vinache's Goldener Reiter in Dresden Jean-Joseph Vinache (1696 – 1 December 1754) was a French sculptor who served as the court sculptor to Augustus II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Vinache's equestrian monument of Augustus, known as the Gilded Horseman (Goldener Reiter), is one of the most familiar sights of Dresden, Germany. Vinache was born in Paris, the son of a bronzefounder.[1] His skill brought him to the attention of an agent of the Elector, Augustus...

 

Armenian conductor and composer (1922–2011) Ohan Durian Ohan Durian or Duryan (Armenian: Օհան Դուրյան; September 8, 1922, Jerusalem - January 6, 2011, Yerevan) was an Armenian conductor[1] and composer. Life and career Ohan Durian was born Hanna Khatchadurian in Jerusalem. From 1939 to 1945 he studied composition, conducting and organ at the Jerusalem Conservatory. He completed his education in Europe under the tutelage of Hermann Scherchen, Roger Désormière and Jean Ma...

 

American baseball player and coach Baseball player Ralph HoukHouk in 1975Catcher / ManagerBorn: (1919-08-09)August 9, 1919Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.Died: July 21, 2010(2010-07-21) (aged 90)Winter Haven, Florida, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 26, 1947, for the New York YankeesLast MLB appearanceMay 1, 1954, for the New York YankeesMLB statisticsBatting average.272Hits43Runs batted in20Managerial record1,619–1,531Winning %.514 TeamsAs player N...

Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps (The Greatest Frenchman of all Time) was a France 2 show of early 2005, based on an original series of Great Britons on the BBC. The show asked the French viewers whom they thought was the Greatest Frenchman or Frenchwoman. It was presented by Michel Drucker and Thierry Ardisson, and the final episode was broadcast at the French Senate. The winner was the former president and leader of the Free French movement, Charles de Gaulle.[1] The show w...

 

Genus of flowering plants in the rose family Rosaceae HawthornsTemporal range: Eocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Fruit of four different species of Crataegus (clockwise from top left: C. coccinea, C. punctata, C. ambigua and C. douglasii) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Amygdaloideae Tribe: Maleae Subtribe: Malinae Genus: CrataegusTourn. ex L. Type species ...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!