Mers El Kebir

Mers El Kebir
المرسى الكبير
Limandan görünüm
Oran Vilayeti içinde Mers El Kebir'in konumu
Oran Vilayeti içinde Mers El Kebir'in konumu
ÜlkeCezayir Cezayir
VilayetOran Vilayeti
Yüzölçümü
 • Toplam10,98 km²
Nüfus
 • Kent
169.500
 • Metropol yoğunluğu1.500/km² (3.000/mil²)
Zaman dilimiUTC+02.00 (OAS)
 • Yaz (YSU)UTC+02.00 (OAS)

Mers El Kebir (Arapçaالمرسى الكبير "Büyük liman"), Cezayir'in kuzeybatısında, Oran Vilayeti'nde bulunan bir liman kentidir. Oran şehri ile Mers El Kebir arasında yalnızca bir tepe bulunur. Aynı şekilde daha küçük bir yerleşim olan Ayn el-Türk ile arasında da bir tepe bulunur. Kent coğrafi olarak Oran ve Ayn el-Türk arasında, yüksek tepelerin eteklerinde Akdeniz kıyısında kurulmuştur. II. Dünya Savaşı'nda 1940'ta Fransız filosuna yapılan saldırı ile ünlüdür.

Tarih

Başlangıçta Portus Divinus adında bir Roma limanı olan Mers-el-Kébir, 12. yüzyılda Muvahhidler tarafından donanma merkezi haline getirildi, 15. yüzyılda Tilimsan Krallığı'nın hükümdarlığı altına girdi. Liman, 1492 civarında korsan faaliyetlerinin merkezi haline geldi. Zamanla Osmanlılar, Portekizliler ve İspanyollar tarafından çeşitli şekillerde saldırılara uğradı ve İspanyollar (adını Mazalquivir olarak adlandırdı) 1505'te Kardinal Cisneros'un komutasında kenti ele geçirdi.

İspanyollar, 1708 yılına kadar şehri elinde tuttu. Bir dönem Türk egemenliğine giren şehri İspanyollar 1732'de Ayn el-Türk Muharebesi'nde limanı ve oran kentini geri aldılar. Her iki şehir de Kral IV. Carlos tarafından Osmanlı'ya satıldığı 1792 yılına kadar İspanyolların elinde kaldı.

Fransızlar burayı 1830'da işgal etti ve adını Saint André de Mers-el-Kébir olarak değiştirdi. 1939-56 arasında kurulan tesislerle Fransa'nın önemli bir deniz üssü durumuna geldi. II. Dünya Savaşı'nda limanda demirli Fransız filosunun büyük bölümü, Almanların eline geçmesini önlemek amacıyla Britanyalılarca tahrip edildi (Mers-el-Kebir muharebesi). Cezayir'in bağımsızlığını tanıyan Évian Antlaşması'nda (1962) 15 yıl süreyle Fransa'nın elinde kalması öngörülen liman, 1968'de Cezayir'e bırakıldı.

Kaynakça

  • Yeni Hayat Ansiklopedisi
  • Ch. André Julien: Histoire de l'Afrique du nord

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