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Aşağıda, jeologlar tarafından tanımlanmış kayaç türlerinin bir listesi bulunmaktadır. Kararlaştırılan sayıda belli kayaç türleri yoktur. Kimyasal bileşim, mineraloji, tane boyutu, doku veya diğer ayırt edici özelliklerin herhangi bir benzersiz kombinasyonu, yeni bir kayaç türüne işaret edebilir. Ek olarak, her ana kayaç türü için farklı sınıflandırma sistemleri bulunur.^[1] Magmatik kayaç, metamorfik kayaç ve tortul kayaç olmak üzere üç ana kayaç türü vardır.

Magmatik kayaçlar

Adakit
Andezit
Alkali feldspar granit
Anortosit
Aplit
Bazalt
- ʻAʻā – Basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance
- Pāhoehoe – Basaltic lava with a flowing, often ropy appearance
Bazaltik trakiandezit
- Mugearit
- Şoşonit
Bazanit
Blairmorit
Boninit
Karbonatit
Çarnokit
- Enderbit
Dasit
Diyabaz, dolerit olarak da bilinir
Diyorit
- Napolyonit, korsit olarak da bilinir
Dunit
Esseksit
Foyidolit
Gabro
Granit
Granodiyorit
Granofir
Harzburgit
Hornblendit
Hiyaloklastit
İzlandit
İgnimbirit
İjolit
Kimberlit
Komatiit
Lamproit
Lamprofir – An ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass
Latit – A silica-undersaturated form of andesite
Lerzolit – An ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite
Monzogranit – A silica-undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
Monzonit – a plutonic rock with <5% normative quartz
Nefelinli siyenit – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock of nepheline and alkali feldspar
Nefelinit – A silica-undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline
Norit – A hypersthene-bearing gabbro
Obsidyen
Pegmatit
Peridotit
Fonolit – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially similar to nepheline syenite
Fonotefrit – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonolite and tephrite
Pikrit – An olivine-bearing basalt
Porfiri
Ponza taşı
Piroksenit - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of >90% pyroxene
Kuvars diyorit – A diorite with >5% modal quartz
Kuvars monzonit – An intermediate plutonic rock, essentially a monzonite with 5–10% modal quartz
Kuvarsolit – An intrusive rock composed mostly of quartz
Riyodasit – A felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite
Riyolit
- Komendit
- Pantellerit
Skorya
Şonkinit – a plutonic rock
Sövit – A coarse-grained carbonatite rock
Siyenit – A plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar; a type of granitoid
Takilit – Essentially a basaltic glass
Tefrifonolit – A volcanic rock with a composition between phonotephrite and phonolite
Tefrit – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock
Tonalit – A plagioclase-dominant granitoid
Trakiandezit – An alkaline intermediate volcanic rock
- Benmoreit - sodic trachyandesite
Trakibazalt – A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte
- Hawaiit – a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island (hot spot) volcanism
Trakit – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
Troktolit – A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase
Trondhjemit – A form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase
Tüf
Vebsterit – A type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene
Verlit - An ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene

Tortul kayaçlar

Kireç taşıyla kaplanmış kireçli şeyl. Cumberland Platosu, Tennessee

Argilit
Arkoz
Bantlı demir formasyonu
Breş
Kalkerenit
Tebeşir (kayaç)
Çört
Kiltaşı
Kömür
Konglomera
Kavkaa
Diyamiktit
Diatom toprağı
Dolomit
Evaporit
Çakmak taşı
Gayzerit
Grovak
Gre taşı
İtakolumit
Jaspilit
Laterit
Linyit
Kireç taşı
Marn
Çamurtaşı
Petrollü şeyl
Ovolit
Fosforit – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals
Kumtaşı
Şeyl
Silttaşı
Silvinit
Tillit
Traverten
Süngertaşı
Türbidit
Vaketaşı

Metamorfik kayaçlar

Granit ortognays daykına sahip bir bantlı gnays

Antrasit
Amfibolit
Mavi şist
Kataklasit – A rock formed by faulting
Eklojit
Gnays
Granülit
Yeşil şist – A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles
Boynuztaşı
- Kalkflinta – A type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands
Litchfieldit – Nepheline syenite gneiss
Mermer – a metamorphosed limestone
Migmatit
Milonit – A metamorphic rock formed by shearing
Pelit (jeoloji) – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock
Metapsammite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock
Fillit – A low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals
Psödotakitilit – A glass formed by melting within a fault via friction
Kuvarsit – A metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of >95% quartz
Şist
Serpentinit
Skarn
Kayrak - A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts
Süevit – A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact
Talk karbonat – A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
- Sabuntaşı – Essentially a talc schist
Tektonit – A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation
Beyaz şist – A high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite

New York'un güneydoğusundan Manhattan Şisti

Özel kayaç çeşitleri

Adamellit – A variety of quartz monzonite
Appinit – A group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
Afanit
Borolanit – A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
Mavi granit
Epidosit
Felsit
Çakmak taşı
Ganister
Gossan
Hiyaloklastit
İjolit
Jadeitit
Jasperoid – A hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
Kenyit - A variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
Lapis lazuli - A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals
Larvikit
Litchfieldit – A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
Lanit – A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas
Luksulyanit
Mangerit
Minette – A variety of lamprophyre
Novakülit – A type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas
Kaplan gözü
Pirolit – A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth's upper mantle
Rapakivi graniti
Rombik porfiri – A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
Rodenjit – A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids
Şonkinit – melitilic and kalsititic rocks
Takonit
Takilit
Teşenit – A silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro
Teralit – A nepheline gabbro
Unakit – An altered granite
Variyolit
Vogesit – A variety of lamprophyre
Vad – A rock rich in manganese oxide or manganese hydroxide

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

^ "BGS Rock Classification Scheme - Igneous - Metamorphic - Sedimentary - Superficial". British Geological Survey (BGS). 28 Nisan 2001 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2019.

Dış bağlantılar

British Geological Survey 21 Eylül 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Igneous rock classification29 Ağustos 2005 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Rock Types Article by Encyclopaedia Britannica 29 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Classification of common rocks and soils 9 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Metamorphic Rock Classification
Volcanic rocks
Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit 29 Ağustos 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

[BGS_Rock_Classification_Scheme_-_Igneous_-_Metamorphic_-_Sedimentary_-_Superficial-1] "BGS Rock Classification Scheme - Igneous - Metamorphic - Sedimentary - Superficial". British Geological Survey (BGS). 28 Nisan 2001 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2019.

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