Harpokrates

Bronz Harpocrates, Calouste Gulbenkian Vakfı, Lizbon

Harpocrates (Eski Yunanca: Ἁρποκράτης) İskenderiye'de görülen Helenistik dindeki sessizliğin, sırların ve mahremiyetin tanrısıydı (ayrıca Plutarch'a göre umut kavramının somutlaşmış haliydi). Mısır tanrısı Horus ile ilişkilidir, Yunanlar Harpocrates'i Mısırlılardan esinlenerek oluşturmuştur. Harpocrates'in adı Mısırlı Har-pa-khered veya Heru-pa-khered'in bir Helenizmleştirilmesi olarak ''Çocuk Horus" anlamına geliyordu. Eşdeğeri Roma sessizlik tanrıçası Tacita idi.

Horus

Isis, Serapis ve çocukları Harpocrates (Louvre)

Mısır mitolojisinde Horus, Isis ve Osiris'in çocuğuydu. Osiris, kardeşi Set (Interpretatio graeca sonucu Typhon veya Kaos ile özdeşleştirilmiştir) tarafından öldürülen, mumyalanan ve böylece yeraltı dünyasının tanrısı haline gelen Mısır'ın orijinal ilahi firavunuydu.

Mısırlılar arasında, yetişkin Horus, her gün karanlığın üstesinden gelen muzaffer güneş tanrısı olarak kabul edildi. Genellikle kendisi için kutsal hayvan olan bir Avrasya atmacasının başıyla temsil edilir. Horus babasının ölümünden sonra zafere ulaşana ve Mısır'ın hükümdarı olana kadar Set'e karşı savaşmıştır. Bundan sonra, Mısır firavunları Horus'un reenkarnasyonları olarak görülmüştür.

Harpocrates'in bronz heykelciği, Bagram, Afganistan, 2. yüzyıl.

Horus'un çocuğu olan Harpocrates, her gün yeni doğan güneşi, kış güneşinin ilk gücünü ve aynı zamanda erken bitki örtüsünün imajını kişileştirir. Mısır heykelleri, Harpocrates'i parmağını ağzının dudaklarının hemen altında çenesine koymuş çıplak bir çocuk olarak resmetmiştir, aslında bu durum sessizlikle ilgili değildir. Bu işareti yanlış anlayan Yunanlar ve Romalı şairler, Harpocrates'i sessizlik ve gizlilik tanrısı yaptılar .

Kaynakça

  • Franz Cumont, Roma Paganizminde Doğu Dinleri, Dover Yayınları, 1956.
  • Harry Thurston Peck, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, 1898: "Harpocrates."
  • David Sacks, Görünür Dil: Alfabenin Gizemini Çözmek, Random House 2003.

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