Gent Antlaşması

Gent Antlaşması'nın imzası. Amiral James Gambier, ABD'nin Rusya büyükelçisi John Quincy Adams ile el sıkışıyor. Britanya Savaş ve Koloniler müsteşarı Henry Goulburn kırmızı dosyayı taşıyor.
Veldstraat, Gent'te antlaşmanın imzalandığı binada bulunan plaket.

Gent Antlaşması, 24 Aralık 1814'te Gent'te (günümüzde Belçika, dönemde Birinci Fransız İmparatorluğu ve Hollanda Birleşik Krallığı arasında belirsiz) imzalanan ve ABD ile Büyük Britanya ve İrlanda Birleşik Krallığı arasındaki 1812 Savaşı'nı sona erdiren barış antlaşmasıdır. Antlaşma genel olarak iki ülke arasındaki ilişkileri status quo ante bellum durumuna getirdi. Dönemdeki zor ve uzun süren iletişim şartlarından dolayı, barış antlaşmasının ABD'ye ulaşması haftalar aldı ve onaylanana kadar geçen süre içinde 8-18 Ocak 1815'te New Orleans Savaşı yapıldı.

Antlaşma

24 Aralık 1814'te, Britanya ve Amerikan müzakere ekipleri kendi hükûmetleri tarafından onaylanmak üzere 1812 Savaşı'nın sonra ermesi için belgeleri imzaladılar.[1] Antlaşma tüm esirlerin serbest bırakılması ve tüm savaş sahaları ve teknelerinin geri iade edilmesini kapsamaktadır. ABD'ye iade edilen topraklar yaklaşık olarak 40,000 km2 olmakla beraber, Maine'deki Michigan Gölü ve Superior Gölü ile Pasifik Okyanusu kıyılarını kapsar.[2] Amerikan kontrolündeki Üst Kanada (günümüzdeki Ontario) Britanya kontrolüne geçti. Antlaşma aslında savaş öncesi duruma göre önemli bir değişiklik sağlamamıştır, ancak Britanya savaş süresince kendi bölgesine kaçmış olan siyahi kölelere özgürlük tanıyacağını kabul etti. Gerçekte, birkaç yıl sonra Britanya bunların yerine Birleşik Devletler'e 350,000$ ödedi.[3]

Ohio ve Michigan'da bir Kızılderili tampon bölgesi oluşturmayı amaçlayan Britanya önerisi, Kızılderili Koalisyonu'nun dağılması sonrasında iptal edildi.[4]

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

  • Bemis, Samuel Flagg. John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy (1950).
  • Burt, A. L. The United States, Great Britain and British North America from the Revolution to the Establishment of Peace after the War of 1812, 1940 (Sürüm 6 Nisan 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.)
  • Engelman, Fred L. The Peace of Christmas Eve American Heritage Magazine (Aralık 1960) v 12#1; online.
  • Hickey, Donald R. The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict (1990) s. 281–98.
  • Matloff, Maurice. American Military History: Army Historical Series. Chapter 6: The War of 1812. (Center of Military History, 1989). Official US Army history, online 1 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..
  • Perkins, Bradford. Castelereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812-1823, 1964; the standard scholarly history
  • Remini, Robert Vincent. Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (1991) pp. 94–122.
  • Ward, A.W. and G.P. Gooch, eds. The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783-1919 (3 vol, 1921-23), Volume I: 1783-1815 online pp 535-42 28 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ The War of 1812: Treaty of Ghent 15 Nisan 2012 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (İngilizce)
  2. ^ W.G. Dean; ve diğerleri. (1998). Concise Historical Atlas of Canada. (İngilizce)
  3. ^ Lindsay, Arnett G. "Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Great Britain Bearing on the Return of Negro Slaves, 1783-1828." Journal of Negro History. 5:4 (Elim 1920); Knight, Charles. The Crown History of England. Oxford, England: Oxford University, 1870 25 Aralık 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..(İngilizce)
  4. ^ Avalon Project – British-American Diplomacy – Treaty of Ghent 11 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (İngilizce)

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