Ellen Swallow Richards

Ellen H. Swallow Richards
Doğum3 Aralık 1842(1842-12-03)
Dunstable, Massachusetts, ABD
Ölüm30 Mart 1911 (68 yaşında)
Boston, Massachusetts, ABD
Defin yeriChrist Church Cemetery, Gardiner, Maine, ABD
Eğitim
Meslek
  • Chemist
  • professor
Tanınma nedeniEv ekonomisi
okul yemeği
Ötenik
EvlilikRobert Hallowell Richards (1844–1945) e.1875
İmza

Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (3 Aralık 1842 - 30 Mart 1911), 19. yüzyılda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde endüstri, güvenlik mühendisliği ve çevre kimyası konularında çalışmalar yapan öğretim görevlisidir. Evlerdeki sıhhi tesisat mühendisliği üzerine deneysel araştırmalar yaptı ve yeni ev ekonomisi biliminin temelini attı.[1][2] Bilimsel çalışmaların eve uygulanmasını sağlayarak ev ekonomisi biliminin kurucusu oldu ve kimyayı beslenme çalışmasına ilk uygulayan kişiydi.[3]

Richards, 1862'de Westford Academy'den (Massachusetts'teki en eski ikinci ortaokul) mezun oldu. Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsüne kabul edilen ilk kadındı. 1873'te mezun oldu ve daha sonra ilk kadın öğretim görevlisi oldu.[1][4] Richards, Amerika'da herhangi bir bilim ve teknoloji okuluna kabul edilen ilk kadındı ve 1870'de Vassar Koleji'nden kazandığı kimya diplomasını alan ilk Amerikalı kadın oldu.[5][6][7]

Richards pragmatik bir feminist ve aynı zamanda kadınların ev içinde çalışmasının ekonominin hayati bir yönü olduğuna inanan kurucu bir ekofeministti.[8] Bununla birlikte, kadının evdeki yerini ve işini yücelten hüküm süren külte doğrudan karşı çıkmadı.[9]

Biyografi

Erken çocukluk

Ellen Henrietta Swallow'un Dagerreyotipi, c. 1848

Richards, Dunstable, Massachusetts'te doğdu. Babası Peter Swallow (27 Haziran 1813, Dunstable - Mart 1871, Littleton, Massachusetts) ve annesi Fanny Gould Taylor (d. 9 Nisan 1817, New Ipswich, New Hampshire), mütevazi gelire sahip yerleşik ailelerden gelen ve eğitimin değerine inanan kişilerdi.[10]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b "Mrs. Ellen H. Richards Dead. Head of Social Economics in Massachusetts Institute of Technology" (PDF). The New York Times. 31 Mart 1911. 16 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 8 Mart 2014. 
  2. ^ "Richards, Ellen Swallow, Residence". National Historic Landmarks Program. 7 Nisan 1991. 11 Ekim 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2013. 
  3. ^ Woman in science. Londra: University of Notre Dame Press. 1913. s. 217. ISBN 0-268-01946-0. 
  4. ^ "Campus Life: M.I.T.; Salute to Women At a School Once 99.6% Male". The New York Times. 7 Nisan 1991. 3 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Mart 2014. Ellen Swallow Richards Ocak 1871'de Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü'ne geldiğinde, enstitüye katılan ilk kadındı ve o zamanlar Boston'da yaşıyordu. 
  5. ^ Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. ISBN 9781438110325. 
  6. ^ Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences. Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. 1997. ss. 156-158. ISBN 9780941901123. 
  7. ^ "Ellen H. Swallow Richards". Science History Institute. June 2016. 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Mart 2018. 
  8. ^ Richardson, Barbara (2002). "Ellen Swallow Richards: 'Humanistic Oekologist,' 'Applied Sociologist,' and the Founding of Sociology". American Sociologist. 33 (3): 21–58. doi:10.1007/s12108-002-1010-6. 
  9. ^ Shelley L Koch (2012). A theory of grocery shopping : food, choice and conflict. English. Londra: Berg. ss. 13-30. ISBN 978-0-85785-150-5. OCLC 794136434. 
  10. ^ Robert Dyball1, Liesel Carlsson. "Ellen Swallow Richards: Mother of Human Ecology?" (PDF). press-files.anu.edu.au. 2 Haziran 2018 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. 
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