Dıştan yanmalı motor

Dıştan yanmalı motor, yakıtın yanması ile sistemde çalışacak olan farklı bir akışkanı ısıtarak o akışkan aracılığı ile enerji dönüşümünü yapan bir motordur (örneğin buhar makinesi ve Stirling motoru).

Dıştan yanmalı motorlar, içten yanmalı motorlardan daha düşük güçte ve daha çok yer kaplayan bir yapıdadır, fakat bazen daha verimli ve yanma sonucu daha az zararlı partikül içeren durumlarda olabilirler. Düşük yanma sıcaklığı ve basınçları nedeni ile daha az zararlı egzoz gazı çıkarması nedeni ile daha çevreci olmaya meyillidirler.

Mekanik enerji ile ısı enerjisi birbiri ile bağlantılıdırlar. Örneğin, makinenin hareketli parçaları arasındaki sürtünme ile mekanik enerji, ısı enerjisine dönüşür. Isı enerjisi de, ısı motorları ile mekanik enerjiye dönüşebilir.

Isı motorları iki gruba ayrılır;

  1. Dıştan yanmalı motorlar
  2. İçten yanmalı motorlar

Dıştan yanmalı motorlarda yanma ile oluşan sıcak gazlardaki ısı enerjisini başka bir akışkana transfer ederler ve bu akışkandaki ısı enerjisi mekanik enerjiye dönüşür. Bu motorlar gaz ve buhar türbinleri içerirler. İçten yanmalı motorlarda yanma ile oluşan sıcak gazların ısı enerjisi doğrudan mekanik enerjiye dönüşür.

Bir buhar türbini, dıştan yanmalı motorlara iyi bir örnek oluşturabilir. Yakıtın yanmasından veya nükleer reaktörden gelen ısı, suyu bir kaynatıcı ile buhara çevirir. Borular buharı bir mile tutturulmuş kanatçıkları olan türbinin içine taşır. Yüksek sıcaklıktaki buhar genleşerek türbin boyunca sıkıştırma yaparak kanatçıkları iter ve milin dönmesine sebep olur. Dönen mil, bir elektrik jeneratörü, bir gemi pervanesi veya başka bir iş için güç sağlayabilir.

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