Cezayir İç Savaşı

Cezayir İç Savaşı

Cezayir sokaklarında konuşlandırılan ordu.
Tarih1991-2002
Bölge
Cezayir
Sonuç

Cezayir hükûmetinin zaferi.

  • İslami Selamet Cephesi'nin galip çıktığı 1991 seçimleri, askeri darbe ile iptal edildi.
  • FIS taraftarı AIS, 1997'de artan sivil ölümleri sonucu tek taraflı ateşkes ilan etti.
  • Cezayir yönetiminin 2000 yılında yürürlülğe koyduğu barış planı sonrası çatışmalar azaldı.
  • 2002'de savaş büyük ölçüde sona erdi fakat Mağrip İsyanı tetiklendi.
Taraflar

Cezayir Cezayir hükûmeti

Destekleyenler :

İslami Selamet Cephesi (FIS)

Silahlı İslami Hareket (MIA) Destekleyenler :

Silahlı İslami Grup (GIA) Destekleyenler :

Komutanlar ve liderler
CezayirAli Kafi
CezayirLiamin Zerval
CezayirAbdülaziz Buteflika
CezayirMuhammed Budiaf
CezayirMuhammed Lamari
CezayirMuhammed Mediene		 Abbasi Madani
Ali Benhadj
Abdülkadir Hakani
Enver Haddam
Mustafa Kartali		 Abdülhak Layada
Anter Zuabri
Güçler
140,000 (1994)[7]
124,000 (2001)
100,000–300,000 yerel milis savaşçıları[8]		 2,000 (1992)
40,000 (1994)
10,000 (1996)[9]
Kayıplar
44,000–150,000 toplam ölü[10]
Cezayir tarihi
Prehistorik
Antik Çağ
Orta Çağ
Modern zamanlar
Osmanlı döneminde Cezayir (16-19. yüzyıl)

Fransız Cezayiri (19-20. yüzyıl)

Çağdaş dönem
1960–80'ler

1990'lar

2000'ler-günümüz

İlgili maddeler

Cezayir İç Savaşı, (Arapça: الحرب الأهلية الجزائرية) 1991 yılında İslami Selamet Cephesi (FIS)'in Cezayir seçimlerini kazanmasıyla ordunun darbe ile yönetime el koyarak FIS iktidarına son vermesi sonucu darbe yönetimine karşı başlatılan çatışmalardır.[11][12][13] FIS'in galip geldiği 1991 seçimlerinin iptalinden sonra FLN destekli darbe girişimi başarıya ulaştı. Daha sonra FIS liderliğindeki darbe karşıtı İslami gruplar İslami Selamet Ordusu (AIS)'i oluşturdu ve yönetime karşı cihad ilan etti. Bu sırada Silahlı İslami Grup (GIA) "Anlaşma yok, ateşkes yok, diyalog yok" mottosuyla hem Cezayir hükûmetine hem de hükûmetle barış görüşmeleri gerçekleştirdiği gerekçesiyle AIS'e karşı savaş ilan etti. 1997 sonrası halkın FIS bağlantılı İslami direnişçilere desteği azaldı ve 2002'de savaş sona erdi.[14] 2002'den sonra El-Kaide bağlantılı gruplar askeri mücadeleye devam etti.[15]

Arka Plan

1960'lardan 1988'e kadar Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi (FLN) ülkeyi tek parti olarak yönetti. 1988'de Cezayir gençliği tarafından organize edilen protestolar sonrası tek partili sistem sona erdi ve 1991'de ilk çok partili genel seçim yapıldı. Yapılan seçim sonrası İslami yapısıyla öne çıkan İslami Selamet Cephesi (FIS) seçimlerde çoğunluğu sağladı fakat ordu 1992'de yönetime el koyarak FIS'in tüm faaliyetlerini yasakladı. Daha sonrasında FIS destekçisi gruplar ve darbe yönetimi arasında çatışmalar patlak verdi.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b Rex Brynen; Bahgat Korany; Paul Noble (1995). Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. 1. Lynne Rienner Publishers. s. 289. ISBN 978-1-55587-579-4. 
  2. ^ a b c d Sidaoui, Riadh (2009). "Islamic Politics and the Military: Algeria 1962–2008". Jan-Erik Lane; Hamadi Redissi; Riyāḍ Ṣaydāwī (Ed.). Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilization. Ashgate. ss. 241-243. ISBN 978-0-7546-7418-4. 
  3. ^ a b Karl DeRouen, Jr.; Uk Heo (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II. ABC-CLIO. ss. 115-117. ISBN 978-1-85109-919-1. 
  4. ^ Arms trade in practice 29 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Hrw.org, October 2000
  5. ^ "Торговля оружием и будущее Белоруссии — Владимир Сегенюк — NewsLand". newsland.com. 27 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 
  6. ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Nonproliferation (2005). Algeria's Struggle Against Terrorism. U.S. Government Printing Office. s. 32. ISBN 9780160746789. 3 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2023. 
  7. ^ Martinez, Algerian Civil War, 1998: p.162
  8. ^ Paul Collier, Nicholas Sambanis (2005). Understanding Civil War: Africa. World Bank Publications. s. 235. ISBN 978-0-8213-6047-7. 13 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Mart 2018. 
  9. ^ Martinez, Algerian Civil War, 1998: p.215
  10. ^ Hagelstein, Roman (2007). "Where and When does Violence Pay Off? The Algerian Civil War" (PDF). HICN. Households in Conflict Network. s. 24. 31 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Nisan 2012. 
  11. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 15 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2023. 
  12. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 5 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2023. 
  13. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 10 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2023. 
  14. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 3 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2023. 
  15. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 15 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2023. 

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