Bitki ıslahı

Bitki ıslahı, istenen özelliklere sahip tarım ya da süs bitkileri elde etmek için, insan eliyle uygulanan eşleştirme ve seçme yöntemlerine verilen genel isimdir. Doğa koşullarının canlı türlerini seçilime tabi tutmasına benzer şekilde, insanlar da istedikleri özelliklere göre bazı bitkileri seçip diğerlerini eleyerek bitki türlerini bir seçilime tabi tutarlar.[1]

Tohum Islahı

Tohum ıslahı, bir tohumu en yüksek kaliteye çıkartmak ve ondan en yüksek verimi almak için insanın tohum üzerinde melezleme yapması anlamına gelir. Tohum ıslahı, introdüksiyon, seleksiyon ve melezleme yöntemlerini kapsar.

Tohum ıslahının arkasında bir sürü neden yatmaktadır. Değişen iklim koşulları, tohumun taşıyabileceği potansiyel hastalıklar, tohumun zararlı olma ihtimali ve tohumun kalite veya verim bakımından düşük olması tohumun ıslah edilmesine zemin hazırlar. Tohumlar da; insanlara kaliteli ve verimli bitkiler sunmak, sağlıklı bitkiler üretmek, tüketicinin güvenini kazanmak ve tarım sektöründe gelişimler göstermek gibi amaçlarla ıslah edilir.

Tohum ıslahının yapımı çeşitli aşamalardan geçer. İlk olarak erkek bitki, 10 dakika sonra da dişi bitki toprağa ekilir. Melezleme yaparken açmamış çiçeklerin taç yapraklarına ihtiyaç duyulduğundan bu yapraklar özenle seçilerek elle toplanır. Bu olayın adı tarım literatüründe “emaskülasyon” olarak geçer. Bu aşamadan sonra içinde polen barındıran erkek organlar dişi organlara zarar vermeyecek bir şekilde alınır. Emaskülasyon aşamasından 1 gün sonra erkek organlardaki polenler dişi organa yapıştırılır ve böylece tohumun ıslahı gerçekleşir. Bütün bu işlemler bitkide tozlaşma olmaması için serada gerçekleşir ve bitkilerin güvenliği bu şekilde sağlanır.[2][3][4]

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Bilim ve Teknik (Nisan 2010). İlay Çelik. "Aşı Zamanı". Ankara. Sayfa 71.
  2. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 12 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 12 Mayıs 2023. 
  3. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 12 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 12 Mayıs 2023. 
  4. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 12 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 12 Mayıs 2023. 

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