Arı kovanı

Dadant tipi ahşap kovan.
Langstroth kovan ve ballı çerçeve.

Arı kovanı, arıcılıkta balarısı kolonilerinin beslenmesi ve bakımı için kullanılan arı yuvasıdır.

Eskiden örme sepet ya da oyma kütük gibi malzemeden yapılmış kara kovan denilen kovanlar kullanılmaktaydı. Bu kara kovanlar, daha çok kestane ya da ıhlamur ağacından yapılır. Günümüzde ise bunların sayısı azalmıştır, daha çok standart ahşap kovanlar kullanılmaktadır.[1]

Standart kovanlarda malzemeler birbirine uygun ve arıcının sürekli kontrol edebileceği şekilde yapılır.

Kovanın üst kısmında açılabilen kapak, içinde temel petek takılan çerçeveler vardır. Arılar bu temel peteği kabartarak çerçevelerin üzerinde yaşarlar. Arıcı bu çerçeveleri dışarı çıkartarak koloninin ihtiyaçlarını kontrol eder ve bakımını yapar. Karakovanda ise arılar peteği rastgele kendileri örerler. Bu tip kovanlarda arılara bakım yapılamaz, sadece petekler kesilerek balı alınır. Karakovanda koloni kendi kendine yetiştiği ve dışarıdan müdahale yapılamadığı için modern arıcılıkta kullanılmazlar.

Modern arıcılıkta Dadant ve Langstroth kovan tipleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca ahşap yerine, ısı yalıtımı sağlayan straphor malzemeden yapılan Langstroth kovanlarda giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır.

Dadant kovanlar çiçeklenme dönemi uzun ve şiddetli kış yaşanan bölgelerde daha kullanışlı olmaktadır. Daha geniş olan gövdesi süzme bal üretimi için de uygundur.

Langstroth kovanlar çok kurak ve florası zayıf bölgelerde kullanılır. Seyyar arıcılıkta bu kovanlar tercih edilmektedir. Hem petekli hem de süzme bal üretimi için uygundur.

Straphor kovanlar ısı yalıtımı sağlayıp koloni gelişimini hızlandırırlar. Arı hastalıklarıyla daha iyi mücadele edilir. Ahşap kovanlara göre daha hafif oldukları için seyyar arıcılıkta kullanışlıdırlar. Bal verimini iki kat arttırdığı için giderek kullanımı artmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 16 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Mart 2023. 

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