Alçak basınç

İzlanda'nın güneybatı açıklarında "Soğuk ve alçak basınç" (cold low) alanlarındaki hava hareketlerinin görüntüsü. (4 Eylül 2003). Coriolis kuvvetinin etkisiyle kuzey yarım kürede hava ve rüzgârın hareket yönünün sağına saptırıldığı görülmektedir.

1013 milibardan (mb) düşük olan basınçlara alçak basınç (siklon) yüksek olanlara ise yüksek basınç (antisiklon) denir.

  • Alçak basınç alanlarında hava genellikle kapalıdır ve yağış oluşma ihtimali fazladır.
  • Alçak Basınç alanlarında hava genellikle yükselici bir hareket gösterir.
  • Alçak basınç alanlarında hava çevreden merkeze doğru hareket eder. Bu durum yüksek basınç alanlarında tam tersidir.
  • Dünyanın günlük hareketine bağlı olarak 60 Kuzey ve Güney enlemlerinde Dinamik Alçak Basınç alanları oluşur.
  • 90 derece Termik Yüksek Basınç alanlarından 60 derece Alçak basınç alanlarına doğru esen rüzgarlara Kutup Rüzgarları denir.
  • 30 derece Dinamik Yüksek Basınç alanlarından 60 derece Dinamik Yüksek basınç alanlarına doğru esen rüzgarlara da Batı Rüzgarları denir.
  • Ekvator ise sıcaklığa bağlı olarak yıl boyunca Termik Alçak Basınç alanıdır.[1][2]

Ayrıca Güneş doğmadan önce veya Güneş battıktan sonra satıh (yer) ısısı yavaş yavaş azalır kara parçaları soğumaya başlar. Soğuk havanın yoğunluğu arttığından hava çökmeye neden olur. Farklı alanlarda (şehirler ve fabrikalar, sık ormanlar, ekili araziler, su rezervleri, otlu bölgeler, yaz–kış arasındaki farklı ısı kaynakları vs.) ısı farklı olacağından sisin kalınlığı yer yer çok yoğun veya daha ince olabilir bu da görüşü etkileyebilir. Güneş doğup; sis, duman, pus, yoğun bulutlar nedeniyle ısısını yeryüzüne ulaştıramadığı zaman satıh ısısı havadaki ısıdan düşük olmaya devem eder. Farklı bölgelerden gelen soğuk hava akımları da alçak basınca neden olabilir.

Buys Ballot kanununa göre kuzey yarıkürede rüzgâr gözlemcinin sırtına doğru (arkadan) esiyorsa, alçak basınç gözlemcinin solunda, yüksek basınç sağındadır. Kuzey yarıkürede rüzgâr alçak basınç merkezi çevresinde "saat yönünün tersine", yüksek basınç çevresinde "saat yönünde" eser. Güney yarıkürede ise durum bunun tam tersidir.

Kuzey yarımkürede rüzgâr, alçak basınç merkezi etrafından saat yönünün tersine döner.[3]

Kaynakça

  • Pooley, Dorothy ve Robert Seaman. The Air Pilot's Manual 2: Aviation Law & Meteorology. 10. baskı. Shoreham, West Sussex: Pooley's Air Pilot Publishing, 2011.
  1. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya" (PDF). 2 Şubat 2016 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Şubat 2016. 
  2. ^ http://ebadersleri.com/turkiyede-basinc-ve-ruzgarlar/[ölü/kırık bağlantı]
  3. ^ Pooley's, sf 264

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