Afrikaans dilbilgisi

Afrikaans dil bilgisi, Afrikaans dilinde konuşup yazabilmeyi sağlayan kurallar bütünüdür. Hint-Avrupa dilleri içinde en çözümlemeli dil bilgisi olduğu söylenebilir.

Fiillerin mastar ve zaman kipi halleri arasında fark yoktur. İki fiil dışında; olmak ve sahip olmak:

Mastar Hâli Türkçe Geniş Zaman
wees olmak is
sahip olmak het

En basit cümle yapısı olan "O bir doktordur" ya da "Ben bir öğretmenim" gibi "olmak" fiili içeren yapılar da aşağıdaki gibidir:

Afrikaans Hollandaca Türkçe
Ek is Ik ben Ben ...yım
Jy/U is Jij/U bent Sen ...sın
Hy-Sy-Dit is Hij-Zij-Het is O ...dır
Ons is Wij zijn Biz ...yız
Julle is Jullie zijn Siz ...sınız
Hulle is Zij zijn Onlar ...lar

Yardımcı Fiiller

Yardımcı Fiiller
Geniş Zaman Geçmiş Zaman
Afrikaans Hollandaca Türkçe Afrikaans Hollandaca İngilizce
kan kan / kunt / kunnen -ebilmek, -abılmak kon kon / konden could
sal zal / zult / zullen -ecek, -acak sou zou / zouden would
moet moet / moeten -meli, -malı moes moest / moesten had to
mag mag / mogen -ebilmek, -abılmak (İzin) mog mocht / mochten would have to
wil wil / wilt / willen İstemek wou wilde / wilden; wou / wouden wanted to
dink denk / denkt / denken Düşünmek dag dacht / dachten thought
weet weet / weten Bilmek wis wist / wisten knew

Morfoloji

Sözcük Sırası

Afrikaans cümlelerde sözcüklerin takip ettiği sıraya "STOMPI" kuralı denir. Bu, İngilizcede sözcük türlerinin baş harflerinden oluşmuştur. (Subject + Time + Object + Manner + Place + Infinitive) Bu sıra şöyledir:

"STOMPI" Kuralı
Ö Y1 Z N B Y Y2 M
Özne İlk Yüklem Zaman Nesne Biçim Yer İkinci Yüklem Mastar

Fiiller

Geçmiş Zaman

Ek breek - Kırıyorum
Ek het gebreek - Kırdım

Gelecek Zaman

Ek sal kom - Geleceğim

Bunun olumsuzu olarak:

sou + mastar. Örneğin,

Ek sou kom - Gelecektim

İsimler

Almanca'dan farklı olarak, Afrikaans'ta sözcüklerin cinsiyetleri yoktur. Ama isimlerin tekil ve çoğul hâlleri arasında fark vardır. En yaygın çoğul eki -e'dir. Ama bunun yanında -s eki de epey yaygındır. Örneğin;

Türkçe Afrikaans Hollandaca Flamanca
Çocuklar Kinders Kinderen Kinders

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