İyot monoklorür

İyot monoklorür
Adlandırmalar
İyot monoklorür
Tanımlayıcılar
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  •  .html 23042  
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.306 Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin
EC Numarası
  • 232-236-7
MeSH Iodine-monochloride
UN numarası 1792
  • InChI=1/ClI/c1-2
  • ClI
Özellikler
Molekül formülü ICl
Molekül kütlesi 162.35 g/mol
Görünüm kırmızımsı kahverengi
Yoğunluk 3.10 g/cm3
Erime noktası 27.2 (α-form)
13.9 °C (β-form)
Kaynama noktası 97.4
Çözünürlük (su içinde) Hidrolize olur
Çözünürlük CS2
asetik asit
piridin
alkol, eter, HCl'de çözünür
Tehlikeler
İş sağlığı ve güvenliği (OHS/OSH):
Ana tehlikeler tahriş edici
Güvenlik bilgi formu (SDS) External MSDS
Benzeyen bileşikler
Benzeyen
Klor monoflorür
Brom monoklorür
İyot monobromür
Aksi belirtilmediği sürece madde verileri, Standart sıcaklık ve basınç koşullarında belirtilir (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Bilgi kutusu kaynakları

İyot monoklorür ICl formülü ile gösterilen bir interhalojen bileşiktir. Oda sıcaklığına yakın eriyen kırmızı-kahverengi renge sahip bir kimyasal bileşiktir. İyot ve klorun elektronegatifliği arasındaki fark nedeniyle, ICl oldukça kutupsaldır ve I+ kaynağı olarak davranır.

İyot monoklorür, denklemine göre halojenleri 1: 1 mol oranında birleştirerek basitçe üretilir.

I2 + Cl2 → 2 ICl

Klor gazı iyot kristallerinden geçtiğinde, iyot monoklorürün kahverengi buharı gözlemlenir. Koyu kahverengi iyot monoklorür sıvısı toplanır. Aşırı klor, geri dönüşümlü bir reaksiyonda iyot monoklorürü iyot triklorüre dönüştürür:

ICl + Cl2 kimyasal denge ICl3

Polimorflar

ICl iki polimorf içerir; 27.2 °C erime noktasına sahip siyah (geçen ışık ile kırmızı) iğneler olarak bulunan α-ICl ve erime noktası 13.9 °C olan siyah (iletilen ışıkla kırmızı-kahverengi) trombositler olarak mevcut olan β-ICl   .[1]

Her iki polimorfun kristal yapılarında, moleküller zik-zak zincirlerinde düzenlenir. β-ICl, P21/c uzay grubuyla monokliniktir.[2]

Reaksiyonları ve kullanımları

İyot monoklorür HF ve HCl gibi asitlerde çözünür, ancak HCl ve HI oluşturmak üzere saf su ile reaksiyona girer:

ICI + H2O → HCI + HI + ½ O2

ICl organik sentezde yararlı bir reaktiftir.[1] Bazı aromatik iyodürlerin sentezinde bir elektrofilik iyot kaynağı olarak kullanılır.[3] Aynı zamanda C-Si bağlarını da keser.

ICl ayrıca, kloro-iyodo alkanları vermek üzere alkenlerdeki çift bağa eklenecektir.

Bu tür reaksiyonlar sodyum azit varlığında gerçekleştirildiğinde, iyodo azit elde edilir.[4]

Wijs çözeltisi, yani asetik asit içinde çözülmüş iyot monoklorür, bir maddenin iyot değerini belirlemek için kullanılır.

Aynı zamanda, bir klorat ile reaksiyona girerek ve yan ürün olarak klor gazı serbest bırakarak saf iyodürler yapmak için de kullanılabilir.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b Brisbois, R. G.; Wanke, R. A.; Stubbs, K. A.; Stick, R. V. "Iodine Monochloride" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2004 John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/047084289X.ri014
  2. ^ Carpenter, G. B.; Richards, S. M. (1 April 1962). "The crystal structure of β-iodine monochloride". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (4): 360–364. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62000882 6 Haziran 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
  3. ^ Wallingford, V. H.; Krüger, P. A. (1943). "5-Iodo-anthranilic Acid 17 Şubat 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi."; Organic Synthesis, Collective Volume, 2, p. 349
  4. ^ Padwa, A.; Blacklock, T.; Tremper, A. "3-Phenyl-2H-Azirine-2-carboxaldehyde 17 Şubat 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.";Organic Syntheses; Collective Volume, 6, p. 893

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