แบนด์เลอร์กับกรินเดอร์อ้างว่า วิธีนี้สามารถจัดระเบียบ (codify) โครงสร้างวิธีการบำบัดของเพอร์ลส แซเทียร์ และเอริกสัน และจริงๆ สามารถจัดระเบียบโครงสร้างกิจกรรมซับซ้อนของมนุษย์ทุกอย่าง เมื่อได้จัดระเบียบแล้ว บุคคลอื่นก็จะสามารถเรียนรู้โครงสร้างและกิจกรรมเหล่านั้นได้
หนังสือปี1975 ของพวกเขาคือ The Structure of Magic I: A Book about Language and Therapy (โครงสร้างแมจิก 1 - หนังสือเกี่ยวกับภาษาและการบำบัด) มุ่งหมายจัดระเบียบเทคนิคบำบัดของเพอร์ลสและแซเทียร์[14]
การใช้เอ็นแอลพีเป็นจิตบำบัดหลักๆ มีสองอย่าง คือ (1) ใช้เป็นวิธีการเสริม (adjunct)[71]
ในจิตบำบัดวิธีอื่นๆ
ฺ(2) ใช้เป็นวิธีจิตบำบัดโดยเฉพาะที่เรียกว่า Neurolinguistic Psychotherapy[72]
ซึ่งสภาสหราชอาณาจักรเพื่อจิตบำบัด (United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy) ซึ่งเป็นสมาคมทางอาชีพยอมรับ[73]
โดยเริ่มแรกอาศัยการรับรองจากสมาคม Association for Neuro Linguistic Programming[74]
แล้วต่อมาสมาคมที่สืบทอดมาคือ Neuro Linguistic Psychotherapy and Counselling Association[75]
แต่องค์กรกระทรวงสาธารณสุขของประเทศคือ National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) ก็ไม่ได้อนุมัติให้ใช้ทั้งเอ็นแอลพีและ Neuro-Linguistic Psychotherapy เพื่อรักษาโรคใดๆ[76]
ตามสโตลส์นาว (2010) "หนังสืออัปยศจากกบไปสู่เจ้าชาย และอื่นๆ ของแบนด์เลอร์กับกรินเดอร์อวดว่า เอ็นแอลพีเป็นยาสารพัดโรคที่รักษาอาการทางกายและใจจำนวนมากรวมทั้งปัญหาการเรียนรู้ โรคลมชักสายตาสั้น และภาวะเสียการอ่านเข้าใจ
เพราะสัญญาว่าสามารถรักษาโรคจิตเภทโรคซึมเศร้าความผิดปกติที่เกิดหลังความเครียดที่สะเทือนใจ และเพราะดูถูกโรคทางจิตเวชว่าเป็นเพียงโรคกายเหตุจิต (psychosomatic) เอ็นแอลพีจึงคล้ายกับลัทธิ/ศาสนาคือ Scientology และ (องค์กรที่เกี่ยวข้องกันคือ) Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR)"[17]งานทบทวนงานทดลองอย่างเป็นระบบปี 2012 สรุปว่า มีหลักฐานน้อยมากกว่า การรักษาด้วยเอ็นแอลพีปรับปรุงสุขภาพให้ดีขึ้นโดยประการใดๆ[77]
↑Tosey, Paul; Mathison, Jane. "Introducing Neuro-Linguistic Programming"(PDF). Centre for Management Learning & Development, School of Management, University of Surrey. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม(PDF)เมื่อ 3 January 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 September 2019.
↑Bandler, Richard (1993). Time for a Change. Meta Pubns. p. vii. ISBN978-0-916990-28-2. In single sessions, they can accelerate learning, neutralize phobias, enhance creativity, improve relationships, eliminate allergies, and lead firewalks without roasting toes. NLP achieves the goal of its inception. We have ways to do what only a genius could have done a decade ago.
↑Pickersgill, Gina. "Dr Richard Bandler on Healing - A Special Interview - by Gina Pickersgill". NLP Life Training. The Best You Corporation. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2012-03-01. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-08-08. GINA: I have seen you demonstrate a technique that some people refer to as Dr. Bandler's Beauty treatment? Please tell us about that. RICHARD [BANDLER]: Basically what happened is that I noticed that when I hypnotically regress people repeatedly they looked younger. So I started first thinking, well isn't there a way to maintain that. I noticed when I hypnotically regressed people to before the age of 5, who currently wore glasses, didn't need them to see. So I started leaving people's eyes young and growing the rest of them up to the present and it would change the prescription of their glasses radically to the point where they could see better. And done enough times, some of them could see without glasses. So I went a little step further, and did a DHE (Design Human Engineering™) treatment where we set up a mechanism in the back of their mind that repeatedly age regresses them hypnotically; when they sleep, when they blink, all kinds of things and in a state of time distortion. And it can take years off the way people look, it also ups their energy level and in some cases the bi product [sic] has been they recovered spontaneously from very serious diseases. Because they were aged regressed to where before the disease started. Now I cannot prove that but I've seen it enough times that I'm impressed with it.
↑Grinder, John; Bandler, Richard; Andreas, Connirae, บ.ก. (1981), Trance-Formations: Neuro-Linguistic Programming and the Structure of Hypnosis, Moab, UT: Real People Press, ISBN978-0-911226-23-2, In a seminar, Bandler & Grinder (1981, p. 166) claimed that a single session of NLP combined with hypnosis could eliminate certain eyesight problems such as myopia and cure the common cold (op.cit., p. 174)... (Also, op.cit., p. 169) Bandler and Grinder believed that, by combining NLP with hypnotic regression, one not only cured a problem, but became amnesic for the fact that it even existed at all. Thus, after a session of "therapy," a smoker denied smoking before, even when family and friends insisted otherwise, becoming unable to account for such evidence as nicotine stains.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (ลิงก์)
↑Bandler, Richard (2008). What is NLP? (Promotional video). NLP Life. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-06-01. We can reliably get rid of a phobia in ten minutes -- every single time.
↑Grinder, John; Bostic St. Clair, Carmen (2001). "Chapter 4: Personal Antecedents of NLP". Whispering in the Wind. J & C Enterprises. ISBN978-0-9717223-0-9.
↑Dowlen, Ashley (1996-01-01). "NLP - help or hype? Investigating the uses of neuro-linguistic programming in management learning". Career Development International. 1 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1108/13620439610111408.
↑
Thyer, Bruce A.; Pignotti, Monica G. (2015-05-15). Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 56–57, 165–167. ISBN978-0-8261-7769-8. As NLP became more popular, some research was conducted and reviews of such research have concluded that there is no scientific basis for its theories about representational systems and eye movements.
↑ 12.012.112.212.3
Witkowski, Tomasz (2010-01-01). "Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration?". Polish Psychological Bulletin. 41 (2). doi:10.2478/v10059-010-0008-0. All of this leaves me with an overwhelming impression that the analyzed base of scientific articles is treated just as theater decoration, being the background for the pseudoscientific farce which NLP appears to be. Using "scientific" attributes, which is so characteristic of pseudoscience, is manifested also in other aspects of NLP activities... My analysis leads undeniably to the statement that NLP represents pseudoscientific rubbish
↑
Druckman, Daniel (2004-11-01). "Be All That You Can Be: Enhancing Human Performance". Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 34 (11): 2234–2260. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01975.x.
↑McClendon, Terrence L. (1989). The Wild Days. NLP 1972-1981 (1st ed.). p. 41. ISBN978-0-916990-23-7. In association with Milton's work, Richard and John also came across Castaneda's books, The Teachings of don Juan, The Yaqui Way of Life, A Separate Reality and Tales of Power. From there it was an integration of don Juan's use of metaphor and hypnosis and Milton Erickson's language patterns and metaphor to induce an altered state of consciousness to create deep trance phenomena. One of the most dynamic techniques which evolved out of the hypnosis programs was the use of the double induction. The double induction is a trance induction carried out by two people. One person speaks into one ear using complex words and language patterns to occupy one brain hemisphere and the other person speaks into the other ear using childlike grammar and language to occupy the other brain hemisphere. The feeling sensations are experienced in the same half of the body as the auditory input. This technique was used in conversations that Carlos Castaneda had with don Juan and don Genaro. This technique was used frequently during the summing up of Richard and John's training programs as a forum for review, post hypnotic suggestions for future applications and learnings
↑John Grinder, Suzette Elgin (1973). "A Guide to Transformational Grammar: History, Theory, Practice." Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Reviewed by Frank H. Nuessel, Jr. The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 58, No. 5/6 (September-October 1974), pp. 282-283
↑Bradley, E Jane; Biedermann, Heinz-Joachim (1985-01-01). "Bandler and Grinder's neurolinguistic programming: Its historical context and contribution". Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 22 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1037/h0088527. ISSN0033-3204. OCLC1588338.
↑Muller Weitzenhoffer, André (1989). "Chapter 8 Ericksonian Hypnotism: The Bandler/Grinder Interpretation". The Practice of Hypnotism Volume 2: Applications of Traditional an Semi-Traditional Hypnotism. Non-Traditional Hypnotism (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 304–5. ISBN978-0-471-62168-3. I have chosen nominalization to explain what some of the problems are in Bandler and Grinder's linguistic approach to Ericksonian hypnotism. Almost any other linguistic concept used by these authors could have served equally well for the purpose of showing some of the inherent weaknesses in their treatment.
↑Muller Weitzenhoffer, André (1989). "Chapter 8 Ericksonian Hypnotism: The Bandler/Grinder Interpretation". The Practice of Hypnotism Volume 2: Applications of Traditional an Semi-Traditional Hypnotism. Non-Traditional Hypnotism (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 307. ISBN978-0-471-62168-3. As I have mentioned in the last chapter, any references made to left and right brain functions in relation to hypnotic phenomena must be considered as poorly founded. They do not add to our understanding of nor our ability to utilize hypnotic phenomena in the style of Erickson. Indeed, references such as Bandler and Grinder make to these functions give their subject matter a false appearance of having a more scientific status than it has.
↑Muller Weitzenhoffer, André (1989). "Chapter 8 Ericksonian Hypnotism: The Bandler/Grinder Interpretation". The Practice of Hypnotism Volume 2: Applications of Traditional an Semi-Traditional Hypnotism. Non-Traditional Hypnotism (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 306. ISBN978-0-471-62168-3. This work [TRANCE-Formation], incidentally, contains some glaring misstatements of facts. For example, Freud and Mesmer were depicted as contemporaries!
↑Weitzenhoffer, André Muller (1989). "Chapter 8 "Ericksonian Hypnotism: The Bandler/Grinder Interpretation"". The Practice of Hypnotism Volume 2: Applications of Traditional an Semi-Traditional Hypnotism. Non-Traditional Hypnotism (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 306. ISBN978-0-471-62168-3. One of the most striking features of the Bandler/Grinder interpretation is that it somehow ignores the issue of the existence and function of suggestion, which even in Erickson's own writings and those done with Rossi, is a central idea.
↑ 41.041.1Druckman, Daniel; Swets, John A. (1988). "Enhancing human performance: Issues, theories, and techniques". Human Resource Development Quarterly. 1 (2): 202–206. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920010212.
↑
Dilts, Robert; Grinder, John; Bandler, Richard; Bandler, Leslie C.; DeLozier, Judith (1980). Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience (Limited ed.). California: Meta Publications. pp. 13–14. ISBN978-0-916990-07-7. There are three characteristics of effective patterning in NLP which sharply distinguish it from behavioural science as it is commonly practiced today. First, for a pattern or generalization regarding human communication to be acceptable or well-formed in NLP, it must include in the description the human agents who are initiating and responding to the pattern being described, their actions, their possible responses. Secondly, the description of the pattern must be represented in sensory grounded terms which are available to the user. This user-oriented constraint on NLP ensures usefulness. We have been continually struck by the tremendous gap between theory and practice in the behavioural sciences—this requirement closes that gap. Notice that since patterns must be represented in sensory grounded terms, available through practice to the user, a pattern will typically have multiple representation—each tailored for the differing sensory capabilities of individual users...Thirdly, NLP includes within its descriptive vocabulary terms which are not directly observable [i.e. representational systems]
↑
Dilts, Robert; Grinder, John; Bandler, Richard; Bandler, Leslie C.; DeLozier, Judith (1980). Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience (Limited ed.). California: Meta Publications. p. 36. ISBN978-0-916990-07-7. The basic elements from which the patterns of human behaviour are formed are the perceptual systems through which the members of the species operate on their environment: vision (sight), audition (hearing), kinesthesis (body sensations) and olfaction/gustation (smell/taste). The neurolinguistic programming model presupposes that all of the distinctions we as human beings are able to make concerning our environment (internal and external) and our behaviour can be usefully represented in terms of these systems. These perceptual classes constitute the structural parameters of human knowledge. We postulate that all of our ongoing experience can usefully be coded as consisting of some combination of these sensory classes.
↑
Hall, L. Michael; Belnap, Barbara P. (2000) [1999]. The Sourcebook of Magic: A Comprehensive Guide to the Technology of NLP (1st ed.). Wales: Crown House Publishing Limited. pp. 89–93. ISBN978-1-899836-22-2. #23 The Change Personal History Pattern
↑
Hall, L. Michael; Belnap, Barbara P. (2000) [1999]. The Sourcebook of Magic: A Comprehensive Guide to the Technology of NLP (1st ed.). Wales: Crown House Publishing Limited. pp. 93–5. ISBN978-1-899836-22-2. #24 The Swish Pattern
↑
Bandler, Richard; Grinder, John (1985). "Appendix II Hypnotic Language Patterns: The Milton-Model". ใน Andreas, Connirae (บ.ก.). Trance-formations. Real People Press. pp. 240-50. ISBN978-0-911226-22-5.
↑
Hall, L. Michael; Belnap, Barbara P. (2000) [1999]. The Sourcebook of Magic: A Comprehensive Guide to the Technology of NLP (1st ed.). Wales: Crown House Publishing Limited. pp. 39–40. ISBN978-1-899836-22-2. #2 Pacing Or Matching Another's Model of the World
↑
Dilts, Robert; Grinder, John; Bandler, Richard; Bandler, Leslie C.; DeLozier, Judith (1980). Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience (Limited ed.). California: Meta Publications. p. 7. ISBN978-0-916990-07-7. NLP presents specific tools which can be applied effectively in any human interaction. It offers specific techniques by which a practitioner may usefully organize and re-organize his or her subjective experience or the experiences of a client in order to define and subsequently secure any behavioural outcome.
↑
Grinder, John; Bostic St Clair, Carmen (2001). Whispering in the Wind (1st ed.). John Grinder & Carmen Bostic. pp. 1, 10, 28, 34, 189, 227–8. ISBN978-0-9717223-0-9. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2013-11-20. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-08-10.
↑Rubin Battino (2002) Expectation: The Very Brief Therapy Book. Crown House Publishing. ISBN1-84590-028-6
↑Kerry, S. (2009) Pretreatment expectations of psychotherapy clients, University of Alberta (Canada)
↑ 64.064.1Beyebach M.; Rodríguez Morejón A. (1999). "Some thoughts on integration in solution-focused therapy". Journal of Systemic Therapies. 18: 24–42. doi:10.1521/jsyt.1999.18.1.24.
↑Bill O'Connell (2005) Solution-focused therapy (Brief therapy series). Sage; Second Edition p. 9
↑Pesut, Daniel J. (1 January 1991). "The art, science, and techniques of reframing in psychiatric mental health nursing". Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 12 (1): 9–18. doi:10.3109/01612849109058206. PMID1988384.
↑Bridoux, D., Weaver, M., (2000) "Neuro-linguistic psychotherapy." In Therapeutic perspectives on working with lesbian, gay and bisexual clients. Davies, Dominic (Ed); Neal, Charles (Ed). (pp. 73–90). Buckingham, England: Open University Press (2000) xviii, 187 pp. ISBN0-335-20333-7
↑Muller Weitzenhoffer, André (1989). "Chapter 8 "Ericksonian Hypnotism: The Bandler/Grinder Interpretation"". The Practice of Hypnotism Volume 2: Applications of Traditional and Semi-Traditional Hypnotism. Non-Traditional Hypnotism (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 305. ISBN978-0-471-62168-3. Has NLP really abstracted and explicated the essence of successful therapy and provided everyone with the means to be another Whittaker, Virginia Satir, or Erickson?...[NLP's] failure to do this is evident because today there is no multitude of their equals, not even another Whittaker, Virginia Satir, or Erickson. Ten years should have been sufficient time for this to happen. In this light, I cannot take NLP seriously...[NLP's] contributions to our understanding and use of Ericksonian techniques are equally dubious. Patterns I and II are poorly written works that were an overambitious, pretentious effort to reduce hypnotism to a magic of words.
↑Zastrow, C. (1990). "Social Workers and Salesworkers". Journal of Independent Social Work. 4 (3): 7–16. doi:10.1300/J283v04n03_02.
↑Tosey P. & Mathison, J., "Fabulous Creatures of HRD: A Critical Natural History of Neuro-Linguistic Programming", University of Surrey Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Human Resource Development Research & Practice across Europe, Oxford Brookes Business School, 26-28 June 2007
↑Yemm, Graham (2006-01-01). "Can NLP help or harm your business?". Industrial and Commercial Training. 38 (1): 12–17. doi:10.1108/00197850610645990.
↑Ingalls, Joan S (1988). "Cognition and athletic behavior: An investigation of the NLP principle of congruence". Dissertation Abstracts International. 48 (7-B): 2090. OCLC42614014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑
Gelso, C J; Fassinger, R E (1990-01-01). "Counseling Psychology: Theory and Research on Interventions". Annual Review of Psychology. 41 (1): 355–386. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002035. PMID2407174. Neurolinguistic programming, focused on such variables as sensory mode preference and use (e.g., Graunke & Roberts 1985) and predicate matching (e.g., Elich et al 1985; Mercier & Johnson 1984) had shown promise at the beginning of the decade, but after several years of conflicting and confusing results, Sharpley (1984, 1987) reviewed the research and concluded that there was little support for the assumptions of NLP. This research is now clearly on the decline, underscoring the value of thoughtful reviews and the publication of nonsupportive results in guiding empirical efforts.
Druckman, Daniel; Swets, John A. (1988). "Enhancing human performance: Issues, theories, and techniques". Human Resource Development Quarterly. 1 (2): 202–206. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920010212.
Druckman, Daniel (2004-11-01). "Be All That You Can Be: Enhancing Human Performance". Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 34 (11): 2234–2260. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01975.x.
Witkowski, Tomasz (2010-01-01). "Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration?". Polish Psychological Bulletin. 41 (2). doi:10.2478/v10059-010-0008-0.
Einspruch, Eric L.; Forman, Bruce D. (1985-01-01). "Observations concerning research literature on neuro-linguistic programming". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 32 (4): 589–596. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.32.4.589.
Witkowski, Tomasz (2010-01-01). "Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration?". Polish Psychological Bulletin. 41 (2). doi:10.2478/v10059-010-0008-0.
Beyerstein, B.L (1990). "Brainscams: Neuromythologies of the New Age". International Journal of Mental Health. 19 (3): 27-36 (27). doi:10.1080/00207411.1990.11449169.
Corballis, Michael C. (2012). "Chapter 13 Educational double-think". ใน Della Sala, Sergio; Anderson, Mike (บ.ก.). Neuroscience in Education:The good, the bad, and the ugly (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 225–6. ISBN978-0-19-960049-6. The notion of hemisphericity is also incorporated into such cult activities as Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP).... In any event, NLP is a movement that is still going strong, but has little scientific credibility.
Devilly, Grant J. (2005-06-01). "Power Therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 39 (6): 437–445. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01601.x. PMID15943644. S2CID208627667.
↑Roderique-Davies, G. (2009). "Neuro-linguistic programming: Cargo cult psychology?". Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. 1 (2): 58–63. doi:10.1108/17581184200900014. [constitute]s an admission that NLP does not have an evidence base and that NLP practitioners are seeking a post-hoc credibility.[1]
↑Norcross and colleagues (2006) found NLP to be given similar ratings as dolphin assisted therapy, equine therapy, psychosynthesis, scared straight programmes, and emotional freedom technique:
Norcross and colleagues (2010) listed it as seventh out of their list of ten most discredited drug and alcohol interventions:
Norcross, John C.; Koocher, Gerald P.; Fala, Natalie C.; Wexler, Harry K. (2010-09-01). "What Does Not Work? Expert Consensus on Discredited Treatments in the Addictions". Journal of Addiction Medicine. 4 (3): 174–180. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181c5f9db. PMID21769032. S2CID41494642.
Glasner-Edwards and colleagues also identified it as discredited:
Witkowski, Tomasz (2010-01-01). "Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration?". Polish Psychological Bulletin. 41 (2). doi:10.2478/v10059-010-0008-0.
Beyerstein, B.L (1990). "Brainscams: Neuromythologies of the New Age". International Journal of Mental Health. 19 (3): 27-36 (27). doi:10.1080/00207411.1990.11449169.
Grinder, J., Bandler, R. (1976), Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson Volume I. ISBN0-916990-01-X.
Grinder, M., Lori Stephens (ed.) (1991), Righting the Educational Conveyor Belt. ISBN1-55552-036-7
Genie Z. Laborde, PhD (1987), Influencing with Integrity: Management Skills for Communication and Negotiation.
O'Connor, Joseph (2007), Not Pulling Strings: Application of Neuro-Linguistic Programming to Teaching and Learning Music. Kahn & Averill, London ISBN1-871082-90-0
Satir, V., Grinder, J., Bandler, R. (1976), Changing with Families: A Book about Further Education for Being Human, Science and Behavior Books. ISBN0-8314-0051-X
บทความวารสาร
Platt, Garry (2001). "NLP – Neuro Linguistic Programming or No Longer Plausible?". Training Journal. May. 2001: 10–15.
Morgan, Dylan A (1993). "Scientific Assessment of NLP". Journal of the National Council for Psychotherapy & Hypnotherapy Register. Spring. 1993.