Sanfolket

San (Basarwa, Bushmän)
Sanfolk i Namibia 2017.
Antal sammanlagt
100 000
Regioner med betydande antal
Botswana Botswana ≈ 50 000[1]–55 000[2]
Namibia Namibia ≈ 33 000[1]–38 000[2]
Angola Angola ≈ 6 000[2]–9 000[1]
Sydafrika Sydafrika ≈ 4 500–10 000[2]
Zambia Zambia ≈ 1 600[1]
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ≈ 1 200[2]
Språk

Khoisanspråk

Besläktade folkgrupper

San eller Basarwa är en khoisantalande folkgrupp i sydvästra Afrika – Kalahariöknen i Botswana och Namibia – och i gränsområdena mellan Angola, Zambia och Zimbabwe samt i Sydafrika.[1] Sanfolket tillhör de äldsta kulturerna på jorden[3] och tros härstamma från de första invånarna i det som nu är Botswana och Sydafrika.

Sanfolket har tidigare kallats "bushmän",[2] vilket i dag uppfattas som nedsättande.

Demografi

Sanfolket har i århundraden varit marginaliserade och förlorat stora delar av sitt traditionella land, vilket hotar deras kultur och försörjning.[4] De lever i ogästvänliga områden som jägare och samlare, men arbetar även som herdar, lantbrukare, boskapsskötare samt i hushåll och turism.[1]

Vid den nederländska kolonisationen i mitten av 1600-talet var sanfolket utbrett över hela Afrika söder om floden Zambezi och antalet uppgick till uppskattningsvis 200 000. Koloniseringen drabbade sanfolken hårt, ett regelrätt utrotningskrig ledde till en drastisk tillbakagång i deras utbredning och antal.[1]

År 2023 uppgick folkgruppen omkring till &&&&&&&&&0100000.&&&&&0100 000 personer, varav de flesta bor i Botswana (ca 55 000) och Namibia (ca 35 000)[1][2].

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d e f g h] Sommerfelt, Axel; Wæhle, Espen (2023-01-24). ”san” (på norska). Store norske leksikon. http://snl.no/san. Läst 11 februari 2023. 
  2. ^ [a b c d e f g] ”san - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”. www.ne.se. https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/san. Läst 11 februari 2023. 
  3. ^ Anton, Donald K. (2011-04-11) (på engelska). Environmental Protection and Human Rights. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49852-4. https://books.google.se/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+kalahari&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=san%20kalahari&f=false. Läst 21 augusti 2024 
  4. ^ ”Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today | Cultural Survival” (på engelska). www.culturalsurvival.org. 28 april 2010. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/foragers-first-peoples-kalahari-san-today. Läst 21 augusti 2024. 
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