Oxidationstal

Oxidationstal (OT) är ett tal som tilldelas varje atom eller atomjon efter vissa regler. Talet kan vara positivt, negativt eller noll. OT anges i romerska siffror och används inom kemi för att balansera formler. Det kan även användas för att undersöka om ett ämne oxideras eller reduceras i en redoxreaktion.

Definition

Enligt IUPAC:

  1. Oxidationstalet för ett grundämne är 0.
  2. För en atomjon är oxidationstalet detsamma som dess laddning.
  3. Väte har oxidationstalet +1 och syre har oxidationstalet -2 i de flesta kemiska föreningar. Undantag från detta är
    • I hydrider har väte oxidationstalet -1 t.ex. LiH.
    • I peroxider har syre oxidationstalet -1 t.ex. H2O2
  4. Summan av oxidationstalen i en neutral molekyl måste vara 0, medan summan av oxidationstalen i en jon måste vara lika med dess laddning.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ ”IUPAC Gold Book” (på engelska). sid. 1049. Arkiverad från originalet den 5 november 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181105011330/http://goldbook.iupac.org/pdf/goldbook.pdf. Läst 19 juni 2017. 

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