Orkanen Galveston

Orkanen Galveston[1], lokalt känd som Great Storm of 1900,[2][3][4] var en tropisk orkan i september år 1900 och den hittills värsta naturkatastrofen i USA:s historia vad gäller antalet dödsoffer.

The Great Galveston Hurricane, regionalt också kallad Ovädret, orsakade enorm förödelse bland annat utmed delar av Texas kust. Allra värst drabbades staden Galveston med omnejd, därmed benämningen - tropiska orkaner fick inga officiella namn före 1950-talet.

Källorna är ganska bristfälliga vad gäller orkanens framfart innan den nådde USA:s fastland. Det råder därför osäkerhet om hur stor förödelse orkanen orsakade i Västindien.

Ovädret nådde fram till Texas kust 8 september och orkanens centrum, det så kallade ögat, passerade rakt över det låglänta Galveston med medelvind på cirka 60 m/s (216 km/h) med betydligt kraftigare vindbyar.[5] Stormen var därmed en kategori 4-orkan på dem femgradiga orkanskalan (Saffir–Simpsons orkanskala).

Orkanen orsakade en stormflod (storm surge) som sköljde rakt över den ö Galveston ligger på. Följden blev en nästan total ödeläggelse av staden. Ingen vet exakt hur många som omkom - uppskattningarna varierar mellan 8 000 och 12 000. För att bättre skydda staden mot framtida orkaner byggde man efter katastrofen en drygt fem meter hög vall som ska skydda staden från framtida stormfloder i samband med orkaner. Hittills har den lyckats skydda staden från en ny katastrof i samma omfattning som den år 1900, dock dog 200 personer vid en orkan 1915.

Bilder

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ Trumbla, Ron. "The Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900" NOAA Celebrates 200 Years of Science, Service and Stewardship
  2. ^ Rhor, Monica (19 maj 2016). ”Great Storm of 1900 brought winds of change”. Houston Chronicle. http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/history/article/Great-Storm-of-1900-brought-winds-of-change-7724171.php. Läst 6 september 2017. 
  3. ^ Stephens, Sara G. (31 december 2012). ”Portrait of a Legend: The Great Storm of 1900: St. Mary's Orphan Asylum”. Houston Family Magazine. https://www.houstonfamilymagazine.com/features/portrait-of-a-legend-the-great-storm-of-1900-st-marys-orphan-asylum/. Läst 6 september 2017. 
  4. ^ "The Great Storm of 1900" Arkiverad 2 juli 2018 hämtat från the Wayback Machine. Trinity Episcopal Church
  5. ^ Frank, Neil L.. ”The Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900” (PDF). The Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900. AGU. Arkiverad från originalet den March 25, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090325121125/http://www.agu.org/pubs/booksales/hurricane/Chapter_05galveston.pdf. Läst 9 september 2008.  Arkiverad 25 mars 2009 hämtat från the Wayback Machine. ”Arkiverade kopian”. Arkiverad från originalet den 1 december 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081201162851/http://www.agu.org/pubs/booksales/hurricane/Chapter_05galveston.pdf. Läst 7 augusti 2018. 

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