Hagtornssandbi

Hagtornssandbi
Hona
Systematik
DomänEukaryoter
Eukaryota
RikeDjur
Animalia
StamLeddjur
Arthropoda
UnderstamSexfotingar
Hexapoda
KlassInsekter
Insecta
OrdningSteklar
Hymenoptera
ÖverfamiljBin
Apoidea
FamiljGrävbin
Andrenidae
SläkteSandbin
Andrena
ArtHagtornssandbi
A. carantonica
Vetenskapligt namn
§ Andrena carantonica
AuktorPérez, 1902[1]
Synonymer
Andrena jacobi subsp. johnsoni Perkins, 1921
Andrena sabulosa (Scopoli, 1763)
Andrena trimmerana subsp. scotica Perkins, 1917[2]
Hane
Hane
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Hagtornssandbi (Andrena carantonica, även Andrena scotica, se nedan) är en art i insektsordningen steklar som tillhör överfamiljen bin och familjen grävbin.

Beskrivning

Arten har en längd av 12 till 14 mm för honan, 11 till 13 mm för hanen, och påminner i utseendet om honungsbiet.[3] Mellankropp och delar av huvudet har brun päls, medan bakkroppen är täckt av ljusare hår.[4]

Ekologi

Som alla sandbin gräver hagtornssandbiet bon i mark med gles växtlighet, för denna art i torrängar, dyner, fördämningar, skogsbryn, häckar, sand- och grustag, trädgårdar och parker.[3][5] Arten kan även bygga bon i lerfogar i husväggar.[5]

Biet flyger mellan april och maj för hanarna, till juni månads slut för honorna. Till skillnad från många andra sandbin är den inte specialiserad vad gäller födovalet utan samlar pollen från många familjer, som flockblommiga, korgblommiga och korsblommiga växter samt järneksväxter, lönnväxter, kornellväxter, bokväxter, ranunkelväxter, rosväxter och videväxter. Arten har en semisocial struktur, där upp till 600 honor kan leva i samma bo.[3] Varje hona tar emellertid hand om sina egna larvceller.[5]

Hagtornssandbiet parasiteras av gökbina Nomada flava, majgökbi (N. marhamella) och gyllengökbi (N. goodeniana).[3][5]

Utbredning

Hagtornssandbiet finns i Mellan- och Nordeuropa mellan 41° och 62°N.[3] I Sverige är den allmänt förekommande i Götaland och Svealand samt längs Norrlandskusten upp till Medelpad.[5] I Finland har arten påträffats längs sydkusten (inklusive Åland) samt i sydöst upp till Norra Karelen.[6]

Taxonomi

Det vetenskapliga namnet är omdebatterat. Vissa forskare betraktar A. scotica som en synonym till A. carantonica, medan andra tvärtom betraktar scotica som det korrekta artepitetet, och ser carantonica som en juniorsynonym till arten Andrena trimmerana.[7] Svenska Artdatabanken har valt artepitetet carantonica[5], medan Finlands artdatacenter kallar arten Andrena scotica[6]. Den här artikeln ansluter sig till Artdatabankens namngivning.

Referenser

  1. ^ ”Andrena carantonica Pérez, 1902” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=752229. Läst 16 mars 2013. 
  2. ^ ”Andrena carantonica Pérez, 1902” (på engelska). Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2019. https://www.gbif.org/species/1357950. Läst 26 februari 2021. 
  3. ^ [a b c d e] ”Sand- bzw. Erdbienen: Andrena scotica / carantonica Pérez, 1902” (på tyska). Tier und Natur. 2015. http://www.wildbienen.de/eb-acara.htm. Läst 1 mars 2021. 
  4. ^ ”Andrena carantonica” (på engelska). Nature Guide UK. https://sites.google.com/site/natureguideuk/home/bees/andrena/andrena-carantonica. Läst 24 mars 2013. 
  5. ^ [a b c d e f] ”Hagtornssandbi Andrena carantonica”. Artdatabanken. 2018, 2020. https://artfakta.se/artbestamning/taxon/andrena-carantonica-103109. Läst 26 februari 2021. 
  6. ^ [a b] Juho Paukkunen (2019). ”Hagtornssandbi – Andrena scotica”. Finlands artdatacenter. https://laji.fi/sv/taxon/MX.204800. Läst 26 februari 2021. 
  7. ^ George R. Else, Barry Bolton & Gavin R. Broad (7 april 2016). ”Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - aculeates (Apoidea, Chrysidoidea and Vespoidea)” (på engelska) (PDF, 1,36 MB). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: sid. 56. doi:10.3897/BDJ.4.e8050. https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/8050/download/pdf/. Läst 26 februari 2021. 
Katalogdata
​​​ • BioLib: 70543​ • Dyntaxa: 103109​ • EoL: 2747182​ • GBIF: 1357950​​​ • Inaturalist: 127724​ • ITIS: 752229​​ • NCBI: 48721​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ • Fauna Europaea: 231331​​​​​​​​​​​​​

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