Daptar Pangawasa Inggris

Lambang Inggris

Anu mibanda gelar Raja Inggris pangkahijina téh nyaéta Offa ti Mercia, sanajan kakawasaanna teu lila. Dina abad ka-9, Raja Wessex, saurang panaluk Kent jeung Sussex ti Mercia dina taun 825, ngalegaan kakawasaanna ka karajaan-karajaan séjén anu aya di Inggris. Panalukkan Northumbria, Anglia Wétan jeung satengah wewengkon Mercia ku Dénmark ninggalkeun Alfred anu Agung ti Wessex ngan salaku raja Inggris anu mangtahan. Manéhna ngahasil nangtang sarangkayan invasi Dénmark jeung mawa sawaréh sésa ti Mercia di handap kakawasaan Wessex. Daptar raja Inggris ilaharna dimimitian ti Egbert ti Wessex saprak taun 829. Pahijian dina Karajaan Inggris teu kacumponan nepi ka 927, di zaman Athelstan. Karajaan Wales ngahiji jadi Karajaan Inggris di handap Kalanggeran Rhuddlan di 1284 jeung di 1301, budak lalaki Edward I ti Inggris anu pangkolotna, Edward II, dijadikeun minangka Pangéran Wales. Ti saprak éta, kalawan pangiwaltian ti Edward III, putra anu cikal ti kabéh barudak Raja Inggris geus meunangkeun gelar ieu. Sabada pupusna Elizabeth I ti Inggris taun 1603, Karajaan Inggris jeung Skotlandia ngahiji di handap James I jeung VI. Tina proklamasi karajaan, James méré gelar pikeun dirina 'Raja Britania Raya. Inggris ngajalanan politik sarikat jeung Skotlandia di 1707 ngabentuk Karajaan Britania Raya. Ti saprak éta Raja atawa Ratu Inggris téh teu bener, sanajan angger dipaké nepi ka ayeuna. Di taun 1801, Britania Raya kagabung ka Kerajaan Irlandia anu nyampak di handap paaturan Inggris saprak Henry II.

Wangsa Mercia

Raja Inggris anu kahiji miturut sababaraha sumber nyaéta Offa dina 774, anu geus jadi Raja Mercia saprak 757.^[1]

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Offa (+OFFA•REX+) 774-796		budak Thingfrith	Cynethryth 5 budak	26 atau 29 Juli 796

Wangsa Wessex

Daptar pangawasa Inggris ilaharna dimimitian ti Egbert, Raja Wessex, saprak 802, anu mibanda kakawasaan sakumna Inggris.^[2] Manéhna ngéléhkeun urang Mercia taun 825, namung pahijian ieu can kungsi kawujud nepi ka 927.

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Egbert (Ecgberht) 829-839[3]		c.775[4] budak Ealhmund ti Kent[3]	Redburga 3 budak[3]	4 Pébruari 839 umur kira-kira 64[3]
Ethelwulf (Æþelwulf) 5 Pébruari 839-856		Aachen budak Egbert jeung Redburga	(1) Osburga 6 budak (2) Judith 1 Oktober 853 teu boga budak	13 Januari 858 62/63[2]
Ethelbald (Æþelbald) 856-860		c.831 budak Ethelwulf jeung Osburga	Judith teu boga budak	20 Désémber 860 umur kira-kira 29[2]
Ethelbert (Æþelberht) 21 Désémber 860-865	Gambar teu tersedia	c.835 budak Ethelwulf jeung Osburga	teu dipikanyaho 2 budak	865 umur kira-kira30[2]
Ethelred (Æþelræd) 865-871	Gambar teu tersedia	c.837 budak Ethelwulf jeung Osburga	Wulfrida 868 2 budak	23 April 871 umur kira-kira34[2]
Alfred (Ælfræd) 24 April 871–899[5]		c.849 Wantage budak Ethelwulf jeung Osburga[6]	Ealhswith Winchester 868 6 budak[7]	26 Oktober 899 umur kira-kira 50[5]
Edward (Eadweard) 27 Oktober 899–924[8]		c.871-877 budak Alfred jeung Ealhswith[9]	(1) Ecgwynn 893 3 budak (2) Aelffaed c.902 10 budak (3) Edgiva ti Kent 905 4 budak[10]	17 Juli 924 Farndon, Cheshire umur kira-kira 50[8]
Elfward (Ælfweard) 18 Juli - 2 Agustus 924[11] Succession uncertain / disputed	Gambar teu tersedia	c.902 budak Edward jeung Aelffaed	teu nikah	2 Agustus 924 umur kira-kira 22
Athelstan (Æþelstan) 3 Agustus 924–939[12]		895 budak Edward jeung Ecgwynn[13]	teu nikah[12]	27 Oktober 939 umur kira-kira 44[12]
Edmund (Eadmund) 28 Oktober 939–946[14]		c.921 budak Edward jeung Edgiva[14]	(1) Elgiva 3 budak (2) Æthelflæd ti Damerham 944 teu boga budak[15]	26 Méi 946 Pucklechurch umur kira-kira 25 (dibunuh)[14]
Eadred (Eadred) 27 Méi 946–955[16]		c.923 budak Edward jeung Edgiva[17]	teu nikah[17]	23 Nopémber 955 Frome umur kira-kira 32[18]
Eadwig (Eadwig) 24 Nopémber 955–959[19]		c.940 budak Edmund jeung Elgiva[20]	Elgiva[19]	1 Oktober 959 umur kira-kira 19[19]
Edgar (Eadgar) 2 Oktober 959–975[21]		c.943 Wessex budak Edmund jeung Elgiva[22]	(1) Ethelflaed c.960 1 putra (2) Ælfthryth c.964[22] 2 putra	8 Juli 975 Winchester umur kira-kira 32[23]
Edward (Eadweard) 9 Juli 975–978[24]		c.962 budak Edgar jeung Ethelflaed[25]	teu nikah	18 Maret 978 Corfe Castle umur kira-kira 16 tahun (dibunuh)[24]
Ethelred (Æþelræd Unræd) 19 Maret 978–1016[26]		c.968 budak Edgar jeung Ælfthryth[27]	(1) Ælflaed ti Northumbria 4 budak (2) Aelgifu 991 6 budak (3) Emma ti Normandy 1002 3 budak[28]	23 April 1016 London umur kira-kira 48[26]
Edmund Ironside (Eadmund) 24 April – 30 Nopémber 1016[29]		c.993 budak Ethelred jeung Ælflaed[29]	Edith ti Anglia Timur 2 budak[30]	30 Nopémber 1016 Glastonbury umur kira-kira 23[29][30]

Wangsa Dénmark

Inggris kungsi aya dina kakawasaan raja-raja Dénmark ieu.

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Sweyn Forkbeard (Svend Tveskæg) 25 Désémber[31] 1013–1014[32]		c.960 Denmark budak Harald Bluetooth jeung Gyrid Olafsdottir[33]	(1) Gunhilda ti Polandia c.990 7 budak (2) Sigrid c.1000 1 putri[33]	3 Pébruari 1014 Gainsborough umur kira-kira 54[33]
Canute (Knútr) 1 Désémber 1016–1035[34]		c.995 budak Sweyn Forkbeard[34]	(1) Aelgifu ti Northampton 2 budak (2) Emma ti Normandy 1017[34]	12 Nopémber 1035 Shaftesbury umur kira-kira 40[34]
Harold Harefoot (Harald) 13 Nopémber 1035–1040[35]	Gambar teu tersedia	c.1016/7 budak Canute jeung Aelgifu[35]	Aelgifu 1 putra[36]	17 Maret 1040 Oxford umur kira-kira 23 or 24[35]
Harthacanute (Hardeknud) 18 Juni 1040–1042[37]	Gambar teu tersedia	1018 budak Canute jeung Emma[36]	teu dipikanyaho	8 Juni 1042 Lambeth umur kira-kira 24[36]

Wangsa Wessex (dikembalikan)

Kapangawasaan Saxon dipulangkeun salila sababaraha waktu, namung dina Pangtempuran Hastings, William ti Normandy meunang tur jadi Raja Inggris.

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Edward sang Pengaku (Eadweard) 9 Juni 1042–1066[38]		c.1003 Islip, Oxfordshire budak Ethelred jeung Emma[38]	Edith ti Wessex 23 Januari 1045 teu boga budak[38]	5 Januari 1066 Westminster Palace umur kira-kira 60[38]
Harold Godwinson (Harold Godwinesson) 6 Januari – 14 Oktober 1066[38]		c.1020 budak Godwin, Earl ti Wessex jeung Gytha Thorkelsdóttir[38]	(1) Edith Swannesha 6 budak (2) Ealdgyth ti Mercia York c.1064 1 [itra[38]	14 Oktober 1066 Hastings umur kira-kira 46 (Maot dalam perang)[38]
Edgar sang Pangeran (Etheling) (Eadgar Æþeling) 15 Oktober – 17 Désémber 1066[39]	Gambar teu tersedia	c.1053 Hungary budak Edward anu Diasingkan jeung Agatha[40]	teu nikah[40]	c.1125 umur kira-kira 72[39]

Wangsa Normandia

Taun 1066, William II, Adipati Normandia, nalukkeun Inggris. Urang-urang Norman ti Prancis anu nginvasi Inggris badarat di pulo Inggris jeung ngagantikeun bangsa Anglo-Saxon salaku bangsa pangawasa Inggris. Raja-raja Norman di Inggris mimitina mah mangrupa vassal ti Raja Prancis. Raja Richard I (Ngahaté Singa) anu kawentar éta ngan bisa ngomong maké basa Prancis jeung leuwih loba méakkeun waktu di Aquitaine, Prancis, atawa di Perang Salib tibatan di Inggris.

Mimiti ti saprak éta raja-raja Inggris ngagunakeun angka Romawi pikeun nandaan raja anu ngarana sarua, anu diadopsi ti Prancis. Namung paméréan landian ka saurang pangawasa masih lazim kénéh.

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
William I (Guillaume le Conquérant/le Bâtard) 25 Désémber 1066–1087[41]		Tahun 1028 Kastil Falaise budak Robert I, Adipati Normandia jeung Herleva[41]	Matilda ti Flandria Chapel Notre Dame, Normandy 1053 10 budak[41]	9 Séptémber 1087 St. Gervais di Rouen umur kira-kira 59.[41] Dimakamkan di Biara Saint Etienne (Abbaye aux Hommes) di Caen
William II Rufus (Guillaume le Roux) 26 Séptémber 1087–1100[41]		Tahun 1060 Normandy budak William I jeung Matilda[41]	teu nikah	2 Agustus 1100 New Forest umur kira-kira 40[41]
Henry I (Henri Beauclerc) 5 Agustus 1100–1135[42]		Séptémber 1068 Selby budak William I jeung Matilda[42]	(1) Edith ti Skotlandia Biara Westminster 11 Nopember 1100 4 budak (2) Adeliza ti Louvain Kastil Windsor 29 Januari 1121 teu boga budak[42]	1 Désémber 1135 Istana ti Lyons-la-Forêt (Saint-Denis-en-Lyons) umur 67.[42] Dimakamkan di Biara Reading
Stephen (Étienne de Blois) 22 Désémber 1135–1154[43]		Tahun 1096 Blois budak Stephen, Count Blois jeung Adela ti Normandia[42]	Matilda ti Boulogne Westminster 1125 5 budak[42]	25 Oktober 1154 Kastil Dover umur kira-kira 58[42]
Matilda/Maud (Mathilde ou Mahaut l'emperesse) 7 April–1 Nopember 1141[44] Title disputed		7 Pébruari 1102 Sutton Courtenay satu-satuya putri sah Henry I jeung Edith ti Skotlandia[45]	(1) Henry V, Kaisar Romawi Suci Mainz 6 Januari 1114 teu boga budak (2) Geoffrey V, Count Anjou Katedral Le Mans 22 Méi 1128 4 budak[44]	10 Séptémber 1167 Notre Dame du Pré di Rouen umur 65[44]

Wangsa Plantagenet

Angevins

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Henry II (Henri Court-mantel) 19 Désémber 1154–1189[46]		5 Maret 1133 Le Mans budak Geoffrey ti Anjou jeung Matilda[46]	Eleanor ti Aquitaine Katedral Bordeaux 18 Méi 1152 8 budak[46]	6 Juli 1189 Château Chinon umur 56.[46] Dimakamkan di Biara Fontevraud
Henry sang Raja Muda (Henri le Jeune Roi) (wakil raja dengan ayahnya) 14 Juni 1170–1183		28 Pébruari 1155 budak Henry II jeung Eleanor	Marguerite ti Prancis Katedral Winchester 27 Agustus 1172 1 budak	11 Juni 1183 Martel, Limoges umur 28. Dimakamkan di Katedral Rouen (Notre-Dame)
Richard I (Richard Cœur de Lion) 3 Séptémber 1189–1199[46]		8 Séptémber 1157 Istana Beaumont budak Henry II jeung Eleanor[46]	Berengaria ti Navarra Limassol 12 Méi 1191 teu boga budak[46]	6 April 1199 Chalus umur 41.[46] Dimakamkan di: Hati di Katedral Rouen. Bajeung di Biara Fontevraud
John I (Jean Sans Terre) 27 Méi 1199–1216[47]		24 Désémber 1167 Istana Beaumont budak Henry II jeung Eleanor[47]	(1) Isabel ti Gloucester Kastil Marlborough 29 Agustus 1189 teu boga budak (2) Isabella ti Angoulême Katedral Bordeaux 24 Agustus 1200 5 budak[47]	19 Oktober 1216 Kastil Newark umur 48[47] Dimakamkan di Katedral Worcester
Henry III 28 Oktober 1216–1272[48]		1 Oktober 1207 Kastil Winchester budak John jeung Isabella[48]	Eleanor ti Provence Katedral Canterbury 14 Januari 1236 9 budak[48]	16 Nopember 1272 Westminster Palace umur 65[48]
Edward I 20 Nopémber 1272–1307[49]		17 Juni 1239 Westminster Palace budak Henry III jeung Eleanor[49]	(1) Eleanor ti Kastilia Biara Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas 18 Oktober 1254 17 budak (2) Marguerite ti Prancis 10 Séptémber 1299 3 budak[49]	7 Juli 1307 Burgh by Sands umur 68[49]
Edward II 7 Juli 1307 – 25 Januari 1327[50]		25 April 1284 Kastil Caernarfon budak Edward I jeung Eleanor[50]	Isabella ti Prancis Katedral Boulogne 25 Januari 1308 5 budak[50]	21 Séptémber 1327 Kastil Berkeley umur 43 (dibunuh)[50]
Edward III 25 Januari 1327–1377[51]		13 Nopember 1312 Kastil Windsor budak Edward II jeung Isabella[51]	Philippa ti Hainault York Minster 24 Januari 1328 14 budak[51]	21 Juni 1377 Istana Sheen umur 64[51]
Richard II 21 Juni 1377 – 29 Séptémber 1399[52]		6 Januari 1367 Bordeaux budak Edward, pangeran Hitam jeung Joan ti Kent[52]	(1) Anne ti Bohemia 14 Januari 1382 teu boga budak (2) Isabella ti Valois Calais 4 Nopember 1396 teu boga budak[52]	6 Januari 1400 Kastil Pontefract umur 33[52]

Wangsa Lancaster

Wangsa ieu diturunkeun ti John ti Gaunt, budak katilu Edward III anu hirup kénéh.

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Henry IV 30 Séptémber 1399–1413[53]		3 April 1366/7 Bolingbroke Castle budak John ti Gaunt and Blanche ti Lancaster[53]	(1) Mary de Bohun Arundel Castle 27 Juli 1380 7 budak (2) Joanna ti Navarre Winchester Cathedral 7 Pébruari 1403 teu boga budak[53]	20 Maret 1413 Westminster Abbey umur 45 or 46[54]
Henry V 20 Maret 1413–1422[53]		9 Agustus 1387 Monmouth Castle budak Henry IV jeung Mary[53]	Catherine ti Valois Troyes Cathedral 2 Juni 1420 1 putra[53]	31 Agustus 1422 Château de Vincennes umur 35[53]
Henry VI 31 Agustus 1422 – 4 Maret 1461[55]		6 Désémber 1421 Windsor Castle budak Henry V jeung Catherine[55]	Margaret ti Anjou Titchfield Abbey 22 April 1445 1 putra[55]	21 Méi 1471 Menara London umur 49 (dibunuh)[55]

Wangsa York

Wangsa York diturunkan ti Edmund ti Langley, Adipati York anu pertama, budak keempat Edward III anu masih hidup.

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Edward IV 4 Maret 1461 – 2 Oktober 1470[56]		28 April 1442 Rouen budak Richard Plantagenet jeung Cecily Neville[56]	Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 Méi 1464 10 budak[56]	9 April 1483 Westminster Palace umur 40[56]

Wangsa Lancaster (dipulangkeun)

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Henry VI 2 Oktober 1470 – 11 April 1471[55]		6 Désémber 1421 Windsor Castle budak Henry V jeung Catherine[55]	Margaret ti Anjou Titchfield Abbey 22 April 1445 1 putra[55]	21 Méi 1471 Menara London umur 49 (dibunuh)[55]

Wangsa York (dipulangkeun)

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Edward IV 11 April 1471 – 9 April 1483[56]		28 April 1442 Rouen budak Richard Plantagenet jeung Cecily Neville[56]	Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 Méi 1464 10 budak[56]	9 April 1483 Westminster Palace umur 40[56]
Edward V 9 April–25 Juni 1483[57]		2 Nopémber 1470 Westminster budak Edward IV jeung Elizabeth Woodville[57]	teu nikah	c. 1483 London umur kira-kira 12 (menurut tradisi dibunuh)[58]
Richard III 26 Juni 1483–1485[59]		2 Oktober 1452 Fotheringhay Castle budak Richard Plantagenet jeung Cecily Neville[60]	Anne Neville Westminster Abbey 12 Juli 1472 1 putra[60]	22 Agustus 1485 Bosworth Field umur 32 (mati dalam perang)[60]

Wangsa Tudor

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Henry VII 22 Agustus 1485–1509[61]		28 Januari 1457 Pembroke Castle budak Edmund Tudor jeung Margaret Beaufort[61]	Elizabeth ti York Westminster Abbey 18 Januari 1486 8 budak[61]	21 April 1509 Richmond Palace umur 52[61]
Henry VIII 21 April 1509–1547[62]		28 Juni 1491 Greenwich Palace budak Henry VII jeung Elizabeth[62]	Catherine ti Aragon Greenwich 11 Juni 1509 1 putri	28 Januari 1547 Whitehall Palace umur 55[62]
			Anne Boleyn Westminster Palace 25 Januari 1533 1 putri
			Jane Seymour Whitehall Palace 30 Méi 1536 1 putra
			Anne ti Cleves Greenwich Palace 6 Januari 1540
			Catherine Howard Hampton Court Palace 28 Juli 1540
			Catherine Parr Hampton Court Palace 12 Juli 1543
Edward VI 28 Januari 1547–1553[63]		12 Oktober 1537 Hampton Court Palace budak Henry VIII jeung Jane Seymour[63]	teu nikah	6 Juli 1553 Greenwich Palace umur 15[63]
Jane (The Nine Days' Queen) 10 Juli–19 Juli 1553[64] De facto queen; title disputed		Oktober 1537 Bradgate Park putri Henry Grey jeung Frances Brandon[64]	Lord Guildford Dudley The Strand 21 Méi 1553 teu boga budak[65]	12 Pébruari 1554 Menara London umur 16 (beheaded)[64]
Mary I (Bloody Mary) 19 Juli 1553–1558[63]		18 Pébruari 1516 Greenwich Palace putri Henry VIII jeung Catherine[63]	Philip II ti Spanyol Winchester Cathedral 25 Juli 1554 teu boga budak[63]	17 Nopémber 1558 St. James's Palace umur 42[63]
Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen) 17 Nopémber 1558–1603[63]		7 Séptémber 1533 Greenwich Palace putri Henry VIII jeung Anne Boleyn[63]	teu nikah	24 Maret 1603 Richmond Palace umur 69[63]

Wangsa Stuart

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
James I 24 Maret 1603–1625[66]		19 Juni 1566 Edinburgh Castle budak Henry SKolotrt jeung Mary[66]	Anne ti Denmark Oslo 23 Nopémber 1589 7 budak[66]	27 Maret 1625 Theobalds House umur 58[66]
Charles I (Saint Charles the Martyr) 27 Maret 1625–1649[67]		19 Nopémber 1600 Dunfermline Palace budak James I jeung Anne[67]	Henrietta Maria ti Prancis St Augustine's Abbey 13 Juni 1625 9 budak[67]	30 Januari 1649 Whitehall Palace umur 48 (beheaded)[67]

Persemakmuran

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Oliver Cromwell (Old Ironsides) 16 Désémber 1653–1658[68]		25 April 1599 Huntingdon[68] budak Robert Cromwell jeung Elizabeth Stewart[69]	Elizabeth Bourchier St Giles[70] 22 Agustus 1620 9 budak[68]	3 Séptémber 1658 Whitehall umur 59[68]
Richard Cromwell (Tumbledown Dick) 3 Séptémber 1658 – 7 Méi 1659[71]		4 Oktober 1626 Huntingdon budak Oliver Cromwell jeung Elizabeth Bourchier[71]	Dorothy Maijor Méi1649 teu boga budak[71]	12 Juli 1712 Cheshunt umur 85[72]

Wangsa Stuart (dipulangkeun)

Monarki	Foto	Gumelar	Rarabi	Maot
Charles II 30 Januari 1660-1685[73] Royalis (Pendukung Kerajaan pada masa Interregnum/Protektorat) mencatat pemerintahannya dimulai ti tahun 1649		29 Méi 1630 St. James's Palace budak Charles I jeung Henrietta Maria[74]	Catherine ti Braganza Portsmouth 21 Méi 1662 3 budak (semua mati waktu kecil)[74]	6 Pébruari 1685 Whitehall Palace umur 54[74]
James II 6 Pébruari 1685 – 23 Désémber 1688[75]		14 Oktober 1633 St. James's Palace budak Charles I jeung Henrietta Maria[75]	(1) Anne Hyde The Strand 3 Séptémber 1660 8 budak (2) Mary ti Modena Dover 21 Nopémber 1673 7 budak[75]	16 Séptémber 1701 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye umur 67[75]
William III Oranye (Willem van Oranje) 13 Pébruari 1689–1702[76]		4 Nopémber 1650 The Hague budak William II Oranye jeung Mary SKolotrt[77]	St. James's Palace 4 Nopémber 1677 3 budak (semua mati waktu kecil)[76]	8 Maret 1702 Kensington Palace umur 51[76]
Mary II 13 Pébruari 1689–1694[75]		30 April 1662 St. James's Palace putri James II jeung Anne Hyde[75]		28 Désémber 1694 Kensington Palace umur 32[75]
Anne 8 Maret 1702-1707[78] Great Britain 1 Méi 1707-1714		6 Pébruari 1665 St. James's Palace putri James II jeung Anne Hyde[79]	George ti Denmark St. James's Palace 28 Juli 1683 17 budak[79]	1 Agustus 1714 Kensington Palace umur 49[79]

Tempo ogé

• Daftar Raja Britania Raya
• Daftar Raja Skotlandia

Tutumbu kaluar

• Timeline of the Kings and Queens of England Archived 2012-09-05 di Wayback Machine^{[tutumbu nonaktip permanén]}
• English Monarchs - A complete history of the Kings and Queens of England
• Britannia: Monarchs of Britain Archived 2017-09-15 di Wayback Machine
• Archontology
• Kings of England Archived 2016-01-16 di Wayback Machine

1. Keynes, Simon (1999), "Offa", di Lapidge, Michael, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford, pp. 301–341, ISBN 0-631-22492-0  Unknown parameter |publisher-= ignored (bantuan)Wormald, Patrick (1982), "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", di Campbell, James, The Anglo-Saxons, London: Phaidon, pp. 101–128, ISBN 0-14-0143950-5 Check |isbn= value (bantuan)  "Charlemagne, moreover, saw England as if it were ruled by two kings only; Aethelred ruling Northumbria, and Offa everything to the south." (p. 101)
2. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 Séptémber 2007.
3. "thePeerage.com - Æthelbald, King of Wessex and others". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-24. 
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31. "English Monarchs". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
32. "Sweyn (Forkbeard) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
33. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10242". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
34. CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 Maret 2007.
35. Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. "Harold (Harefoot) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
36. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10220". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
37. "Harthacnut - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-28. 
38. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10218". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-26. 
39. After reigning for approximately 9 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the area to the south and immediate west of London. "Eadgar (the Ætheling) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-26. 
40. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 9". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-26. 
41. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10203". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
42. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
43. "STEPHEN (of Blois) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
44. Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
45. "MATILDA (the Empress) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27. 
46. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10202". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
47. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10201". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
48. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10193". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
49. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10191". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
50. Edward II secara resmi digulingkan oleh Parlemen pada tanggal 25 Januari 1327, dipenjara pada tanggal 16 Nopember 1326. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10094". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
51. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10188". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
52. Richard II digulingkan, jeung menjadi tahanan Henry Bolingbroke, anu menyerap tahta ti tuntutan sebelumnya ti keturunan ayahnya John ti Gaunt. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10206". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
53. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10187". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
54. "HENRY IV - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
55. Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10186". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
56. Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10164". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
57. Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. "EDWARD V - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
58. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10165". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
59. "RICHARD III - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
60. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10163". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
61. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10142". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
62. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10148". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
63. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10150". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
64. Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10152". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
65. "Lady Jane Grey: Marriage". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.  Archived 2007-10-16 di Wayback Machine
66. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10137". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
67. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10138". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
68. "Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-11-14. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.  Archived 2018-10-10 di Wayback Machine
69. "Oliver Cromwell - Faq 1". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
70. "New Page 1". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
71. "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-21. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
72. "CROMWELL, Richard - Archontology.org". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
73. "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-31.  Archived 2008-11-21 di Wayback Machine
74. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10139". Diakses tanggal 2008-11-30. 
75. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10136". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
76. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10141". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
77. "WILLIAM III - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
78. "Anne (England) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25. 
79. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10134". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.