Apganistan

جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان
Jamhūrī-ye Islāmī-ye Afġānistān
Républik Islam Apganistan
Bandéra Apganistan
Bandéra
Lagu
Milli Surood
Surood-e Milli
Location of Apganistan
Location of Apganistan
Ibu kotaKabul
34°31′N 69°08′E
Kota panggedéna Ibu kota
Basa resmi Pérsia (Dari), Pastun, Arab
Démonim Apgan
Pamaréntah Républik Islam
 -  Présidén Hamid Karzai
 -  Wakil Présidén (kahiji) Mohammad Qasim Fahim
 -  Wakil Présidén (kadua) Karim Khalili
Merdika ti Britania 
 -  Déklarasi 8 Agustus, 1919 
 -  Diaku 19 Agustus, 1919 
Aréa
 -  Total 647.500 km² (ka-41)
251.772 mil² 
 -  Cai (%) 0
Populasi
 -  Perkiraan  2007 31.889.923 (ka-37)
 -  Sénsus 1979 13.051.358 
 -  Kapadetan 46 /km² (ka-150)
119 /mil²
GDP (PPP) Perkiraan 2006
 -  Total $32,4 miliar (ka-92)
 -  Per kapita $1.490 (ka-158)
HDI (1993) 0.229 (n/a) (teu karengking)
Mata uang Afghani (AFN)
Zona wanci (UTC+4:30)
 -  Usum panas (DST)  (UTC+4:30)
TLD Internét .af
Kode telepon +93

Apganistan, resmina Républik Islam Apganistan (Basa Pérsia: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان, Basa Pastun: د افغانستان اسلامى جمهوريت ), nyaéta hiji nagara singkur nu aya di jajantungna Asia. Dicaturkeun kénéh ngeunaan perenahna Apganistan sacara géograpis, naha aya di Asia Tengah[1][2], Wétan Tengah[3][4][5][6], atawa Asia Kidul[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Apganistan boga patula patali jeung nagara tatanggana sacara relijieus, kasukuan jeung basa, sarta géograpis. Diwatesan ku Pakistan di wétan jeung,[15] Iran di kulon, Turkménistan, Uzbékistan, jeung Tajikistan di kalér, sarta Cina jauh di wétan kaléreunnana. Ngaran Apganistan hartina "Lemah Apgan."

Babagian administratif

  Artikel utama: Propinsi di Apganistan jeung Distrik di Apganistan.

Apganistan administratifna dibagi kana 34 propnsi (wilayats), kalawan unggal propinsi miboga ibu kotana sorangan jeung hiji pamaréntahan kapropinsian. Propinsi-propinsina teras dibagi kana (total: kira-kira 398) distrik.

Gubernur propinsi ditunjuk ku Présidén Apganistan sarta gubernur distrik dipilih ku gubernur propinsi. Gubernur propinsi nyaéta pawakilan pikeun pamaréntah puseur di Kabul sarta mibanda tanggung jawab kana sadaya perkawis pamaréntahan jeung kanegrian dina propinsi-propinsina. Aya ogé déwan propinsi nu dipilih langkung pamilu langsung pikeun jabatan 4 taun.[16] Kagunaan déwan propinsi nyaéta pikeun nyandak bagian dina rancangan pamekaran propinsi jeung ngring dina ngawasan jeung meunteunan lembaga kapropinsian lian.

Dumasar kana Pasal 140 konstitusi jeung dekrit présidén dina hukum pamilihan, walikota kedah dipilih ;angkung pamilu nu bébas jeung langsung pikeun jabatan 4 taun. Tapi, ku sabab masalah biaya, pamilu kota teu pernah dilaksanakeun, sarta walikota ditunjuk ku pamaréntah. Pikeun ibu kota nagara, Kabul, walikotana ditunjuk ku Présidén Apganistan.

Di handap nyaéta 34 propinsi di Apganistan dina susunan alfabétis sarta petana kalawan nomer di mana propinsi éta ayana.

Apganistan dibagi kana 34 propinsi sarta unggal propinsi salajengna dibagi kana distrik-distrik
Apganistan dibagi kana 34 propinsi sarta unggal propinsi salajengna dibagi kana distrik-distrik

Tempo ogé

Bibliograpi

  • Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1977). An Historical Guide to Afghanistan. 2nd Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Afghan Tourist Organization.
  • Fowler, Corinne. Chasing Tales: Travel writing, journalism and the history of British ideas about Afghanistan, 2007 (forthcoming), Rodopi, Amsterdam and New York.
  • Ghobar, Mir Gholam Mohammad. Afghanistan in the Course of History, 1999, All Prints Inc. [3]
  • Griffiths, John C. 1981. Afghanistan: A History of Conflict. André Deutsch, London. Updated edition, 2001. Andre Deutsch Ltd, 2002, ISBN 0-233-05053-1.
  • Levi, Peter. 1972. The Light Garden of the Angel King: Journeys in Afghanistan. Collins, 1972, ISBN 0-00-211042-3. Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1973, Indianapolis/New York, ISBN 0-672-51252-1.
  • Moorcroft, William and Trebeck, George. 1841. Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz, and Bokhara... from 1819 to 1825, Vol. II. Reprint: New Delhi, Sagar Publications, 1971. Oxford University Press, 1979, ISBN 0-19-577199-0.
  • Rashid, Ahmed (2000) "Taliban - Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia", Yale University Press
  • Caroe, Olaf. 1958. The Pathans (on the ethnic origin of Afghans).
  • Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979) The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan: Adaptation to Closed Frontiers and War. University of Washington Press. 1st paperback edition with new preface and epilogue (2002). ISBN 0-295-98262-4.
  • Toynbee, Arnold J. 1961. Between Oxus and Jumna. Oxford University Press, London. ISBN B0006DBR44.
  • Wood, John. 1872. A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus. New Edition, edited by his son, with an essay on the "Geography of the Valley of the Oxus" by Henry Yule. John Murray, London. Gregg Division McGraw-Hill, 1971, ISBN 0-576-03322-7.
  • Heathcote, T.A. The Afghan Wars 1839–1999, 1980,2003, Spellmount Staplehurst.
  • Rall, Ted. 2002. "To Afghanistan and Back: A Graphic Travelogue" New York: NBM Publishing.
  • Vogelsang, Willem. 2002. The Afghans. Blackwell Publishers. Oxford. ISBN 0631198415.

Rujukan jeung catetan suku

  1. ↑ http://web.utah.edu/meca/2007Conf/2007%20MECA-%20Final%20Program.pdf Archived 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2006/eng/01/mreo0506.pdf Archived 2008-02-26 di Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ http://menic.utexas.edu/Countries_and_Regions/Afghanistan Archived 2008-05-09 di Wayback Machine UT - MENIC
  4. ↑ Afghanistan Profile Archived 2008-03-12 di Wayback Machine, National Geographic (dicutatd 20 Januari 2006).
  5. ↑ Afghanistan Archived 2016-07-09 di Wayback Machine, CIA Factbook (dicutat 20 Januari 2006).
  6. ↑ Afghanistan Archived 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine, Middle East Institute (dicutat 20 Januari 2006).
  7. ↑ Center for South Asia Studies: University of California, Berkeley Archived 2008-06-21 di Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ Center for South Asia Outreach UW-Madison Archived 2010-02-27 di Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Department of South Asia Studies: University of Pennsylvania Archived 2008-03-04 di Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research Archived 2008-07-24 di Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS AND GEOLOGICAL PROVINCES OF SOUTH ASIA [1] Archived 2013-12-25 di Wayback Machine Includes Afghanistan
  12. ↑ Afghanistan-Tajikistan Bridge Links Central, South Asia [2] Archived 2006-02-21 di Wayback Machine Refers to Afghanistan as South Asian and Tajikistan as Central Asian
  13. ↑ University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center http://jsis.washington.edu/advise/catalog/soasia-b.html Archived 2015-04-02 di Wayback Machine
  14. ↑ Syracruse University: The South Asia Center http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/moynihan/programs/sac/ Archived 2015-03-26 di Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ Catetan suku: The Government of India also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir to be a part of India including the portion bordering Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 froze the positions of Indian and Pakistani held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistani-administered territory.
  16. ↑ "Explaining Elections, Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan". Iec.org.af. October 9, 2004. Diakses tanggal February 4, 2012.  Archived Agustus 27, 2010, di Wayback Machine

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