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Samjuel Džonson
Samjuel Džonson
	Samjuel Džonson c. 1772,; rad slikara Ser Džošue Rejnoldsa
Ime po rođenju	Samuel Johnson
Druga imena	Dr. Džonson
Datum rođenja	18. септембар 1709.; (OS 7. september)
Mesto rođenja	Ličfild, Stafordšir; Velika Britanija
Datum smrti	13. decembar 1784. (75 god.)
Mesto smrti	London; Velika Britanija
Mesto ukopa	Vestminsterska opatija
Prebivalište	Engleska
Državljanstvo	Britansko
Univerzitet	Pembrok koledž, Oksford; (nema diplome)
Zanimanje	Književni kritičar, biograf, esejista, leksikograf, pesnik, dramski pisac
Radovi	Rečnik engleskog jezika; Putovanje na zapadne ostrva Škotske
Potpis

Samjuel Džonson (18. septembar 1709 – 13. decembar 1784), često nazivan Dr Džonson, bio je engleski pisac koji je dao trajni doprinos engleskoj književnosti kao pesnik, dramski pisac, esejista, moralista, književni kritičar, biograf, urednik i leksikograf. Bio je pobožni anglikanac.^[1] Politički, on je bio posvećeni torijevac. Oksfordski rečnik nacionalne biografije opisuje Džonsona kao „verovatno najistaknutijeg pisca u engleskoj istoriji”.^[2] On je tema Džejms Bosvelovog dela Život Samjuela Džonsona, koje je Volter Džekson Bejt opisao kao „najpoznatiji pojedinačni rad biografske umetnosti u čitavoj književnosti”.^[3]

Rođen u Ličfildu, Stafordšir, Džonson je pohađao Pembruk koledž u Okfordu nešto duže od godinu dana, ali ga je nedostatak sredstava prisilio da napusti studije. Nakon što je radio kao nastavnik, preselio se u London, gde je počeo da piše za Džentlmanski magazin. Njegovi rani radovi uključuju biografiju Život gospodina Ričarda Savidža, poeme London i Ispraznost ljudskih želja, i predstavu Irena.

Nakon devet godina rada, Džonsonov Rečnik engleskog jezika objavljen je 1755. godine. On je imao dalekosežan uticaj na savremeni engleski jezik i bio je priznat kao „jedno od najvećih pojedinačnih dostignuća učenosti”.^[4] Ovo delo je donelo Džonsonu popularnost i uspeh. Do završetka Oksfordskog engleskog rečnika 150 godina kasnije, Džonsonov je bio najistaknutiji britanski rečnik.^[5] Njegovi kasniji radovi uključivali su eseje, uticajno anotirano izdanje Predstava Vilijama Šekspira i široko čitana priča Istorija Raselasa, princa od Abisinije. Godine 1763, on se sprijateljio sa Džejmsom Bosvelom, s kojim je kasnije otputovao u Škotsku. Džonson je opisao njihova putovanja u delu Putovanju do zapadnih ostrva Škotske. Pred kraj svog života, proizveo je masivno i uticajno delo Životi najeminentnijih engleskih pesnika, zbirku biografija i evaluacija pesnika iz 17. i 18. veka.

Džonson je bio visok^[а] i robustan čovek. Njegovi čudni gestovi i tikovi bili su uznemirujući za neke ljude pri prvom sastanku sa njim. Bosvelov Život, zajedno sa drugim biografijama, dokumentovao je Džonsonovo ponašanje i manire tako detaljno da je omogućena posthumna dijagnoza Turetovog sindroma,^[7] stanja koje nije definisano ili dijagnozirano u 18. veku. Nakon niza bolesti, umro je uveče 13. decembra 1784. godine i sahranjen je u Vestminsterskoj opatiji. U godinama nakon njegove smrti, postala je jasna velčina Džonsonovog dugotrajnog uticaja na književnu kritiku, a prema nekima on jedini zaista veliki kritičar engleske književnosti.^[8]

Napomene

^ Džonson je bio visok 180 cm (5 stopa 11 inča) kad je prosečna visina ljudi u Engleskoj bila 165 cm (5 stopa 5 inča).^[6]

Reference

^ Meyers 2008, стр. 2
^ Rogers, Pat (2006), „Johnson, Samuel (1709–1784)”, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online изд.), Oxford University Press, Приступљено 25. 8. 2008
^ Bate 1977, стр. xix
^ Bate 1977, стр. 240
^ Lynch 2003, стр. 1
^ Meyers 2008, стр. 29
^ Murray 1979 and Stern, Burza & Robertson 2005
^ Winters 1943, стр. 240

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