Nukleotidni šećer

Nukleotidni šećeri su aktivirane forme monosaharida. Nukleotidni šećeri deluju kao glikozilni donori u reakcijama glikozilacije. Te reakcije su katalizovane glikoziltransferazama.[1]

Istorija

Anabolizam oligosaharida, i stoga uloga nukleotidnih šećera, nije bio dovoljno poznat do 1950-tih, kad je utvrđeno da su ključni enzimi tog procesa glikoziltranseraze. One prenose glikozilnu grupu sa šećernih nukleotida na akceptor.[1]

Tipovi

Kod kompleksnih životinja je prisutno devet nukleotidnih šećera koji deluju kao glikozil donori. Oni se mogu klasifikovati po tipu nukleozida u sledeće grupe:[2]

Kod biljaka i bakterija se javljaju mnogi drugi šećeri, i koriste u raznim donorima šećera. Specifično, CDP-glukoza i TDP-glukoza su prisutni u prirodi i iz njih se formira niz druge formi donorskih nukleotida CDP i TDP šećera.[3][4]

Strukture

Primeri struktura nukleotidnih šećera (jedan primer po tipu).

UDP-Gal CMP-NeuNAc GDP-Man
UDP-Gal CMP-NeuNAc GDP-Man

Vidi još

Reference

  1. ^ а б Derek Horton (2008). „The Development of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biology”. Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications: 1—28. ISBN 978-0-08-054816-6. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-054816-6.00001-X. 
  2. ^ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Essentials of Glycobiology, Second Edition
  3. ^ Samuel G, Reeves P (2003). „Biosynthesis of O-antigens: genes and pathways involved in nucleotide sugar precursor synthesis and O-antigen assembly”. Carbohydr. Res. 338 (23): 2503—19. PMID 14670712. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2003.07.009. 
  4. ^ Xue M. He and Hung-wen Liu (2002). „Formation of unusual sugars: Mechanistic studies and biosynthetic applications”. Annu Rev Biochem. 71: 701—754. PMID 12045109. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135339. 

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