Nematocera
Nematocera (ime koje znači „nitni rogovi ”) su podred izduženih muva sa tankim, segmentiranim antenama i uglavnom vodenim larvama . Ova grupa je parafiletska i sadrži sve mušice osim vrsta iz podreda Brachycera [ 4] kućna muva ili obična voćna muva .
Familije
Ove familije pripadaju podredu Nematocera:[ 3] [ 5] [ 6]
Anisopodidae Knab, 1912 Axymyiidae Shannon, 1921 Bibionidae Fleming, 1821 Blephariceridae Loew, 1861 Bolitophilidae Winnertz, 1863 Canthyloscelididae Enderlein, 1912 Cecidomyiidae Newman, 1835 Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834 Chaoboridae Newman, 1834 Chironomidae Newman, 1834 Corethrellidae Edwards, 1932 Culicidae Meigen, 1818 Cylindrotomidae Schiner, 1863 Deuterophlebiidae Edwards, 1922 Diadocidiidae Winnertz, 1863 Ditomyiidae Keilin, 1919 Dixidae Schiner, 1868 [ 7] Hesperinidae Schiner, 1864 Keroplatidae Rondani, 1856 Limoniidae Rondani, 1856 Lygistorrhinidae Edwards, 1925 Mycetophilidae Newman, 1834 Nymphomyiidae Tokunaga, 1932 Pachyneuridae Schiner, 1864 Pediciidae Osten Sacken, 1859 Perissommatidae Colless, 1962 Psychodidae Newman, 1834 Ptychopteridae Osten Sacken, 1862 Rangomaramidae Jaschhof & Didham, 2002 Scatopsidae Newman, 1834 Sciaridae Billberg, 1820 Simuliidae Newman, 1834 Tanyderidae Osten Sacken, 1880 Thaumaleidae Bezzi, 1913 Tipulidae Latreille, 1802 Trichoceridae Rondani, 1841 Valeseguyidae Amorim & Grimaldi, 2006 † Ansorgiidae Krzemiñski & Lukashevich, 1993
† Antefungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1938
† Archizelmiridae Rohdendorf, 1962
† Asiochaoboridae Hong & Wang, 1990
† Boholdoyidae Kovalev, 1985
† Cascopleciidae Poinar Jr., 2010
† Crosaphididae Kovalev, 1983
† Elliidae Krzeminska, Blagoderov & Krezmiñski, 1993
† Eoditomyiidae Ansorge, 1996
† Eopolyneuridae Rohdendorf, 1962
† Grauvogeliidae Krzemiñski, 1999
† Hennigmatidae Shcherbakov, 1995
† Heterorhyphidae Ansorge & Krzemiñski, 1995
† Hyperpolyneuridae Rohdendorf, 1962
† Luanpingitidae Zhang, 1986
† Mesosciophilidae Rohdendorf, 1946
† Nadipteridae Lukashevich, 1995
† Palaeophoridae Rohdendorf, 1951
† Paraxymyiidae Rohdendorf, 1946
† Pleciofungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1946
† Procramptonomyiidae Kovalev, 1983
† Protendipedidae Rohdendorf, 1951
† Protopleciidae Rohdendorf, 1946
† Protorhyphidae Handlirsch, 1906
† Protoscatopsidae Rohdendorf, 1946
† Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994
† Siberhyphidae Kovalev, 1985
† Strashilidae Rasnitsyn, 1992
† Tanyderophrynidae Rohdendorf, 1962
† Tethepomyiidae Grimaldi & Arillo, 2009
† Tillyardipteridae Lukashevich & Shcherbakov, 1999
† Tipulodictyidae Rohdendorf, 1962
† Tipulopleciidae Rohdendorf, 1962
† Vladipteridae Shcherbakov, 1995
Reference
^ Sabrosky, C.W. (1999). „Family-Group Names in Diptera” (PDF) . Myia . 10 : 1—360. ^
Savage, Jade; Borkent, Art; Brodo, Fenja; Cumming, Jeffrey M.; et al. (2019). „Diptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods” . ZooKeys (819): 397—450. PMC 6355757 PMID 30713456 . doi :10.3897/zookeys.819.27625
^ а б
Pape, Thomas; Blagoderov, Vladimir; Mostovski, Mikhail B. (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, ур. „Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness” (PDF) . Zootaxa . 3148 . ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1 . ISSN 1175-5326 . doi :10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42 .
^ Wiegmann BM, Trautwein MD, Winkler IS, Barr NB, Kim JW, Lambkin C, et al. (2011). „Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life.” . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 108 (14): 5690—5. Bibcode :2011PNAS..108.5690W . PMC 3078341 PMID 21402926 . doi :10.1073/pnas.1012675108 ^
Greenwalt, D.; Kjærandsen, J. (2019). „Fungus Gnats Online” . Приступљено 2019-06-09 .
^
„"Nematocera" (Non-Brachycera)” . BugGuide.net . Приступљено 2019-06-10 .
^ Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B . Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. стр. 388pp., 4 pls.
Literatura
Borror, Donald Joyce; Delong, Dwight Moore; Triplehorn, Charles A. (1976). An Introduction to the Study of Insects ISBN 0-03-088406-3 . Ross h. Arnett, Jr (28. 7. 2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, Second Edition ISBN 0-8493-0212-9 .
