Elizabet Kejdi Stanton

Elizabet Kejdi Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabet Kejdi Stanton, oko 1800. godine
Puno imeElizabeth Cady Stanton
Ime po rođenjuElizabet Kejdi
Datum rođenja12 novembar, 1815(1815-11-12)
Mesto rođenjaDžonstaun, Njujork
 SAD
Datum smrti26. oktobar 1902.(1902-10-26) (86 god.)
Mesto smrtiNjujork
 SAD
PrebivališteSAD
Državljanstvoameričko
Zanimanjepisac, sufragistа, borac za ženska prava, abolicionista
Deca7
Potpis

Elizabet Kejdi Stanton (12 november 1815 – 26. oktobar 1902) bila je američki sufragista, društveni aktivista, abolicionista, i vodeća figura ranog pokreta za ženska prava. Njena Deklaracija o sentimentima, predstavljena na Seneka Folskoj konvenciji održanoj u Seneka Folsu u Njujorku 1848. godine, često se smatra iniciranjem prvih organizovanih pokreta za prava žena i njihova glasačka prava u Sjedinjenim Državama.[1][2] Stanton je bila predsednik Nacionalnog američkog udruženja žena za izborna prava glasa od 1890. do 1892. godine.

Pre nego što je Stanton suzila svoj politički fokus gotovo isključivo na ženska prava, ona je bila aktivni abolicionista sa suprugom Henrijem Brusterom Stantonom (saosnivačem Republikanske stranke) i rođakom Geritom Smitom. Za razliku od mnogih koji su bili uključeni u pokretu za ženska prava, Stanton se bavila raznim pitanjima koja se odnose na žene mimo glasačkih prava. Njen delokrug je obuhvatao roditeljska i starateljska prava žena, imovinska prava, prava na zaposlenje i primanja, razvod, ekonomsko zdravlje porodice i kontrolu rađanja.[3] Takođe je bila otvorena zagovornica pokreta umerenosti iz 19. veka.

Nakon Američkog građanskog rata, posvećenost Stantonove ženskom biračkom pravu izazvala je raskol u pokretu za ženska prava kada je ona, zajedno sa Suzan B. Entoni, odbila da podrži usvajanje četrnaestog i petnaestog amandmana Ustava Sjedinjenih Država. Ona se protivila davanju dodatne pravne zaštite i glasačkih prava afroameričkim muškarcima, dok su ženama, crnim i belim, uskraćena ta ista prava. Njen stav po ovom pitanju, zajedno sa njenim razmišljanjima o organizovanom hrišćanstvu i ženskim pitanjima izvan glasačkih prava, doveo je do formiranja dve odvojene organizacije za ženska prava koja su se konačno spojile, sa Stantonovom kao predsednicom zajedničke organizacije, dvadesetak godina nakon njenog raskola sa prvobitnim pokretom ze ženskog pravo glasa.

Stanton je umrla 1902. godine, napisavši Žensku Bibliju i svoju autobiografiju Osamdeset godina i više, i mnoštvo članaka i pamfleta o ženskom izbornom pravu i ženskim pravima.

Detinjstvo i porodična pozadina

Elizabet Kejdi, osmo od jedanaestero djece, rođena je u Džonstaunu u Njujorku, od oca Danijela Kejdija i majke Margaret Livingston Kejdi. Petoro njene braće i sestara je umrlo u ranom detinjstvu ili dojenačkom uzrastu. Šesti brat, njen stariji brat Eleazar, umro je u svojoj dvadesetoj godina neposredno pre diplomiranja na Junion koledžu u Skenektadiju u Njujorku. Samo su Elizabet Kejdi i njene četiri sestre živele do odraslog uzrasta i starosti. Kasnije u životu, Elizabet je imenovala svoje dve ćerke po dvema od svojih sestara, Margaret i Hariot.[4]

Danijel Kejdi, otac Stantonove, bio je istaknuti federalistički advokat koji je odslužio jedan mandat u Kongresu Sjedinjenih Država (1814–1817), a potom je postao sudija opšteg suda, i 1847. godine sudija Vrhovnog suda u Njujorku.[5] Sudija Kejdi upoznao je svoju ćerku sa zakonom i zajedno sa njenim pašenogom Edvardom Bajardom, posadili su rano seme koje je preraslo u njen pravni i društveni aktivizam. Još kao mlada devojka, ona je uživala da čita očeve pravne knjige i da raspravlja pravna pitanja sa njegovim pravnim službenicima. Upravo je ovo rano izlaganje zakonu delom uzrokovalo da Stanton shvati koliko je nesrazmerno zakon favorizirao muškarce nad ženama, posebno udatim ženama. Njena spoznaja da udate žene nemaju gotovo nikakvo vlasništvo, prihod, zaposlenje ili čak starateljska prava nad sopstvenom decom, pomoglo joj je da krene u pravcu promene tih nejednakosti.[6]

Reference

  1. ^ „Elizabeth Cady Stanton Dies at Her Home.”. New York Times. 27. 10. 1902. Приступљено 31. 10. 2007. „Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton died at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon at her home in the Stuart Apartment House, 250 West Ninety-fourth Street. Had she lived until the 12th of next month she would have been 87.” 
  2. ^ Though it is popularly known as the first-ever women's rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention was preceded by the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in 1837 held in New York City, at which women's rights issues were debated, especially African-American women's rights.
     • Gordon, Ann D.; Collier-Thomas, Bettye (1997). „Introduction”. African American women and the vote, 1837–1965. University of Massachusetts Press. стр. 2—9. ISBN 978-1-55849-059-8. 
    In June 1848, two male-organized conventions discussed the rights of women: The Conference of Badasht in Persia, at which Táhirih advocated women's rights and took off her veil; and the National Liberty Party Convention in New York at which presidential candidate Gerrit Smith established a party plank of women's suffrage.
  3. ^ Baker, стр. 109
  4. ^ Griffith, стр. 227–228; Stanton, Eighty Years & More
  5. ^ Griffith, стр. 5
  6. ^ Stanton, Eighty Years & More, pp. 31–32, 48

Literatura

  • Baker, Jean H. Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists. Hill and Wang, New York. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8090-9528-5..
  • Banner, Lois W. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: A Radical for Women's Rights. Addison-Wesley Publishers, (1997) ISBN 978-0-673-39319-7.
  • Burns, Ken and Geoffrey C. Ward; Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony; Alfred A. Knoph; New York, NY. 1999. ISBN 978-0-375-40560-0..
  • Douglass, Frederick; Autobiographies: Narrative of the Life, My Bondage and Freedom, Life and Times. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Penguin Putnam, Inc.; New York, NY. 1994. ISBN 978-0-940450-79-0..
  • Dubois, Ellen Carol, editor. The Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Susan B. Anthony Reader: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches. Northeastern University Press, September . 1994. ISBN 978-1-55553-149-2..
  • Dubois, Ellen Carol. Feminism & Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY. 1999. ISBN 978-0-8014-8641-8..
  • Dubois, Ellen Carol and Candida-Smith, Richard editors. "Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Feminist as Thinker. New York University Press; New York, NY. 2007. ISBN 978-0-8147-1982-4..
  • Foner, Philip S., editor. Frederick Douglass: Selected Speeches and Writings. Lawrence Hill Books (The Library of Black America); Chicago, IL. 1999. ISBN 978-1-55652-352-6..
  • Ginzberg, Lori D. . Hill and Wang, New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life. 2009. ISBN 978-0-8090-9493-6. .
  • Griffith, Elisabeth. In Her Own Right: The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Oxford University Press; New York, NY. 1985. ISBN 978-0-19-503729-6..
  • James, Edward T., editor. Notable American Women a Biographical Dictionary (1607–1950); Volume II (G–O). "GAGE, Matilda Joslyn" (pp. 4–6) and "HOWE, Julia Ward" (pp. 225–229). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Cambridge, MA. 1971. ISBN 978-0-674-62734-5..
  • James, Edward T., editor. Notable American Women a Biographical Dictionary (1607–1950); Volume III (P–Z). "STANTON, Elizabeth Cady" (pp. 342–347) and "STONE, Lucy" (pp. 387–390). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Cambridge, MA. 1971. ISBN 978-0-674-62734-5..
  • Kern, Kathi. Mrs. Stanton's Bible. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8014-8288-5..
  • Klein, Milton M., editor. The Empire State: a History of New York. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8014-3866-0..
  • Mason, Alpheus Thomas; Free Government in the Making: Readings in American Political Thought, 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press; New York, 1975.
  • Renehan, Edward J., The Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown. New York. Crown Publishers, Inc.; . 1995. ISBN 978-0-517-59028-7..
  • Sigerman, Harriet. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: The Right Is Ours. Oxford University Press, November (2001) ISBN 978-0-19-511969-5.
  • Blatch, Harriot Stanton and Alma Lutz; Challenging Years: the Memoirs of Harriot Stanton Blatch; G.P. Putnam's Sons; New York, NY, 1940.
  • Gordon, Ann D., editor. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Volume I: In the School of Anti-Slavery 1840–1866. Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8135-2317-0..
  • Gordon, Ann D., editor. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Volume II: Against an Aristocracy of Sex 1866–1873. Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8135-2318-7..
  • Gordon, Ann D., editor. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Volume III: National Protection for National Citizens 1873–1880. Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8135-2319-4..
  • Gordon, Ann D., editor. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Volume IV: When Clowns Make Laws for Queens 1880–1887. Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8135-2320-0..
  • Gordon, Ann D., editor. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Volume V: Their Place Inside the Body-Politic, 1887 to 1895. Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ. 2009. ISBN 978-0-8135-2321-7..
  • Gordon, Ann D., editor. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Volume VI: An Awful Hush, 1895 to 1906 Rutgers University Press; New Brunswick, NJ. 2013. ISBN 978-08135-5345-0..
  • Langley, Winston E. & Vivian C. Fox, editors. Women's Rights in the United States: A Documentary History. Praeger Publishers; Westport, CT. 1994. ISBN 978-0-275-96527-3..
  • Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Eighty Years & More: Reminiscences 1815–1897. Northeastern University Press; Boston. 1993. ISBN 978-1-55553-137-9..
  • Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. Solitude of Self. Paris Press; Ashfield, MA. 2001. ISBN 978-1-930464-01-8..
  • Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (foreword by Maureen Fitzgerald). The Woman's Bible. Northeastern University Press; Boston. 1993. ISBN 978-1-55553-162-1.
  • Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. The Woman's Bible. Prometheus Books; Great Minds Series; Amherst, NY. 1999. ISBN 978-0-405-04481-6..
  • Stanton, Elizabeth et al., eds., History of Woman Suffrage, vol. 4, 1902
  • Stanton, Theodore & Harriot Stanton Blatch, eds., Elizabeth Cady Stanton As Revealed in Her Letters Diary and Reminiscences, Volume One. Arno & The New York Times; New York, 1969. (Originally published by Harper & Brothers Publishers).
  • Stanton, Theodore & Harriot Stanton Blatch, eds., Elizabeth Cady Stanton As Revealed in Her Letters Diary and Reminiscences, Volume Two. Arno & The New York Times; New York, 1969. (Originally published by Harper & Brothers Publishers).

Spoljašnje veze

Elizabet Kejdi Stanton на Викимедијиној остави.

Sabrana dela

Individualni spisi Stantonove

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