Johannes Zukertort

Johannes Zukertort
Zukertort, fillimi i viteve 1880
Emri i plotëJohannes Hermann Zukertort
ShtetiPerandoria Gjermane (para vitit 1878)
Mbretëria e Bashkuar (pas vitit 1878)
Lindi më7 shtator 1842
Lublin, Kongresi i Polonisë, Perandoria Ruse
Vdiq më20 qershor 1888 (45 vjet)
Londër, Angli

Johannes Hermann Zukertort (Polonisht: Jan Hermann Cukiertort; 7 shtator 1842 – 20 qershor 1888) ishte një mjeshtër shahu britaniko-gjerman me prejardhje polake. Ai ishte një nga lojtarët kryesorë të botës për shumicën e viteve 1870 dhe 1880, por humbi nga Wilhelm SteinitzKampionatin Botëror të Shahut 1886, i cili përgjithësisht konsiderohet si ndeshja e parë e Kampionatit Botëror të Shahut. Ai gjithashtu u mund nga Steinitz në vitin 1872 në një kampionat jozyrtar.

Zukertort e mbushi jetën e tij relativisht të shkurtër me një gamë të gjerë arritjesh të tjera si ushtar, muzikant, gjuhëtar, gazetar dhe aktivist politik.

Jeta e hershme

Zukertort lindi më 7 shtator 1842 në Lublin, Kongresi i Polonisë, Perandoria Ruse si Jan Hermann Cukiertort. Ai tha se nëna e tij ishte baronesha Krzyżanowska (Krzyzanovska). Prindërit e tij ishin jehudë polakë, të cilët u konvertuan në krishterimin protestant dhe morën mision në Shoqërinë e Londrës për Promovimin e Krishterimit midis Judenjve.[1] Ai u shkollua në gjimnazin e Breslau dhe në 1866 në Universitetin e Breslaut, nga i cili u diplomua për mjekësi më 1866. Si anëtar i trupës mjekësore të ushtrisë prusiane ai pa shërbim në 1866 gjatë luftës austro-prusiane dhe përsëri gjatë Luftës Franko-Prusiane të 1870-1871.

Karriera e shahut

Stili i lojës

Në një epokë ku shumica e lojtarëve luanin ekskluzivisht 1.e4, Zukertort ishte një eksperimentues i hershëm i rastësishëm me hapje të tilla si 1. Nf3 (Hapja Zukertort) dhe 1. c4.

Në kulmin e tij Zukertort shkëlqeu edhe në shahun symbyllur. Në vitin 1876, ai luajti gjashtëmbëdhjetë ndeshje njëkohësisht me sy të lidhur, duke fituar njëmbëdhjetë, duke barazuar katër dhe duke humbur vetëm një.

Mësimi i shahut

Zukertort mësoi të luante shah në Breslau kur ishte rreth moshës 19-vjeçare. Duke hyrë në një turne në atë qytet, ai humbi çdo lojë, më pas filloi studimin e Handbuch të Bilguer, me rezultat që në vitin 1862 ai fitoi lojëra nga shahisti kryesor gjerman Adolf Anderssen. Zukertort studioi me Anderssen dhe brenda pak vitesh u bë një nga lojtarët më të fortë në Gjermani.

Ndër shumë ndeshje të tjera të shquara që Zukertort luajti me Anderssen, ai e mundi atë më 1866, humbi më 1868 me një rezultat prej tetë fitoresh, tre humbje, një barazim dhe më në fund e mposhti bindshëm (5–2; pa barazim) në një ndeshje ,ë 1871.[2] Në vitin 1867 u transferua në Berlin dhe më 1872 në Londër. Në atë vit, ai luajti me Wilhelm Steinitz në Londër, duke humbur 9–3 (7 humbje, 1 fitore, 4 barazime).[2]

Lojëra të shquara

abcdefgh
8
c8 black rook
h8 black king
a7 black pawn
b7 black bishop
e7 black queen
h7 white pawn
b6 black pawn
d5 white pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 black pawn
b3 white pawn
e3 white rook
a2 white pawn
b2 white bishop
c2 black rook
d2 white queen
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Zukertort-Blackburne, 1883. Zukertort (bardhë) këtu luajti 28 Qb4!! dhe mbretëresha nuk mund të merret, për shkak të: 28...Qxb4 29 Bxe5+ Kxh7 30 Rh3+ dhe shpejt pason mat.

Referime

  1. ^ Domański, Cezary W.; Lissowski, Tomasz; Macieja, Bartłomiej (2002). Arcymistrz z Lublina: prawda i legenda o Janie Hermanie Zukertorcie, wybitnym szachiście XIX wieku, uczestniku meczu o mistrzostwo świata (në polonisht). Wydawnictwo Szachowe "Penelopa".
  2. ^ a b "Chess Matches: from Lopez to Kramnik" (në anglisht). Arkivuar nga origjinali më 9 dhjetor 2012.
  3. ^ Turf, Field and Farm (New York), 25 May 1883

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