Topaz

Topaz
Rožnati topaz
Splošno
KategorijaVIII. razred - Silikati
Kemijska formulaAl2SiO4(F,OH)2
Lastnosti
BarvaBrezbarven (brez nečistoč), modra, rjava, oranžna, siva, rumena, zelena, rožnata in rdečkasto rožnata
Kristalni sistemOrtorombski
RazkolnostPopoln na [001]
LomŠkoljkast
Trdota8 (po definiciji)
SijajSteklast
Barva črteBela
ProzornostProzoren
Specifična teža3,49–3,57
Optične lastnostiDvoosen (+)
Lomni količniknα = 1,606–1,629
nβ = 1,609–1,631
nγ = 1,616–1,638
Dvolomnostδ = 0,010
PleohroizemŠibek v gostejših sekcijah
DrugoFluorescenten, v kratkovalovni UV svetlobi zlato rumen, v dolgovalovni UV svetlobi motno rumen
Sklici[1][2][3][4]
topaz

Topaz je mineral in poldragi kamen s kemično formulo Al2SiO4(F,OH)2.

Ma Mohsovi lestvici dosega stopnjo 8 in tako spada med trše minerale. V najčistejši obliki je topaz prozoren in brezbarven, pogosteje pa je zaradi primesi obarvan. Tako so najpogostejši topazi rumene barve, pojavljajo pa se tudi beli, sivi, zeleni, modri, rožnati in rdečkasti.

Topaz je tesno povezan z granitnimi kamninami ter nekaterimi drugimi magmatskimi kamninami, pogosto pa tudi v votlinah, ki so nastale po umiku lave. Države, ki pridobijo največ topazov so: Rusija (Ural), Afganistan, Češka, Nemčija, Norveška, Pakistan, Italija, Švedska, Japonska, Brazilija, Mehika in ZDA.

Največji kristal topaza, poimenovan El Dorado, je bil najden v Braziliji leta 1984. Tehtal je kar 6.2 kg, danes pa je del Britanske kraljeve zbirke.

Reference

  1. ↑ Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985). Manual of Mineralogy (20 izd.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. COBISS 12123141. ISBN 0-471-80580-7.
  2. ↑ http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/topaz.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
  3. ↑ http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=3996&ld=1&pho= Mindat
  4. ↑ http://webmineral.com/data/Topaz.shtml Webmineral

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