Sončev obrat

Datum in čas (UTC) Sončevih obratov in enakonočij[1]
leto enakonočje
marec[2]
solsticij
junij[3]
enakonočje
september[4]
solsticij
december[5]
dan čas dan čas dan čas dan čas
2002 20 19:16 21 13:24 23 04:55 22 01:14
2003 21 01:00 21 19:10 23 10:47 22 07:04
2004 20 06:49 21 00:57 22 16:30 21 12:42
2005 20 12:33 21 06:46 22 22:23 21 18:35
2006 20 18:26 21 12:26 23 04:03 22 00:22
2007 21 00:07 21 18:06 23 09:51 22 06:08
2008 20 05:48 20 23:59 22 15:44 21 12:04
2009 20 11:44 21 05:45 22 21:18 21 17:47
2010 20 17:32:13 21 11:28:25 23 03:09:02 21 23:38:28
2011 20 23:21:44 21 17:16:30 23 09:04:38 22 05:30:03
2012 20 05:14:25 20 23:09:49 22 14:49:59 21 11:12:37
2013 20 11:02:55 21 05:04:57 22 20:44:08 21 17:11:00
2014 20 16:57:05 21 10:51:14 23 02:29:05 21 23:03:01
2015 20 22:45:09 21 16:38:55 23 08:20:33 22 04:48:57
2016 20 04:30:11 20 22:34:11 22 14:21:07 21 10:44:10
2017 20 10:28:38 21 04:24:09 22 20:02:48 21 16:28:57
2018 20 16:15:27 21 10:07:18 23 01:54:05 21 22:23:44
2019 20 21:58:25 21 15:54:14 23 07:50:10 22 04:19:25
2020 20 03:50:36 20 21:44:40 22 13:31:38 21 10:02:19
2021 20 09:37:27 21 03:32:08 22 19:21:03 21 15:59:16
2022 20 15:33:23 21 09:13:49 23 01:03:40 21 21:48:10
2023 20 21:24:24 21 14:57:47 23 06:49:56 22 03:27:19
2024 20 03:06:21 20 20:50:56 22 12:43:36 21 09:20:30
2025 20 09:01:25 21 02:42:11 22 18:19:16 21 15:03:01
2026 20 14:45:53 21 08:24:26 23 00:05:08 21 20:50:09
2027 20 20:24:36 21 14:10:45 23 06:01:38 22 02:42:04
2028 20 02:17:02 20 20:01:54 22 11:45:12 21 08:19:33
2029 20 08:01:52 21 01:48:11 22 17:38:23 21 14:13:59
2030 20 13:51:58 21 07:31:11 22 23:26:46 21 20:09:30
2031 20 19:40:51 21 13:17:00 23 05:15:10 22 01:55:25
2032 20 01:21:45 20 19:08:38 22 11:10:44 21 07:55:48
2033 20 07:22:35 21 01:00:59 22 16:51:31 21 13:45:51
2034 20 13:17:20 21 06:44:02 22 22:39:25 21 19:33:50
2035 20 19:02:34 21 12:32:58 23 04:38:46 22 01:30:42
2036 20 01:02:40 20 18:32:03 22 10:23:09 21 07:12:42
2037 20 06:50:05 21 00:22:16 22 16:12:54 21 13:07:33
2038 20 12:40:27 21 06:09:12 22 22:02:05 21 19:02:08
2039 20 18:31:50 21 11:57:14 23 03:49:25 22 00:40:23
2040 20 00:11:29 20 17:46:11 22 09:44:43 21 06:32:38
2041 20 06:06:36 20 23:35:39 22 15:26:21 21 12:18:07
2042 20 11:53:06 21 05:15:38 22 21:11:20 21 18:03:51
2043 20 17:27:34 21 10:58:09 23 03:06:43 22 00:01:01
2044 19 23:20:20 20 16:50:55 22 08:47:39 21 05:43:22
2045 20 05:07:24 20 22:33:41 22 14:32:42 21 11:34:54
2046 20 10:57:38 21 04:14:26 22 20:21:31 21 17:28:16
2047 20 16:52:26 21 10:03:16 23 02:07:52 21 23:07:01
2048 19 22:33:37 20 15:53:43 22 08:00:26 21 05:02:03
2049 20 04:28:24 20 21:47:06 22 13:42:24 21 10:51:57
2050 20 10:19:22 21 03:32:48 22 19:28:18 21 16:38:29

Sónčev obràt ali solstícij je tisti trenutek v letu, ko je Sonce ob poldnevu (v svojem nadglavišču [zenitu]) navidezno najseverneje (na nebesnem Kozorogovem povratniku) ali najjužneje (na nebesnem Rakovem povratniku) na nebu oziroma je najvišje ali najnižje nad nebesnim ekvatorjem. Poletni Sončev obrat (poletni solsticij) je običajno od 21. do 23. junija. Takrat se začne poletje, dnevu pa rečemo kres. Zimski Sončev obrat (zimski solsticij) pa se zgodi 21. decembra, poredko pa dan kasneje. Takrat se začne zima.

Datuma zimskega in poletnega Sončevega obrata sta za obe polobli obrnjena (iz preprostega razloga: ko je na Slovenskem (severna polobla) poletje, je na južni polobli zima). Ker je Zemljina vrtilna os nagnjena za kot 23° 26' 20" (23,439°) proti ravnini ekliptike, ravnini, v kateri kroži okoli Sonca, Sonce navidezno po nebu vsak dan potuje različno (približno 15°/h) in čez leto opisuje osmici podobno krivuljo. Dnevu ob zimskem obratu, ki ima hkrati velik religiozni pomen, rečemo božič.

Sončevega obrata ne smemo zamenjevati z apsidnima točkama, z odsončjem (afelijem), točko na Zemljini tirnici okrog Sonca, ko je planet Zemlja od Sonca najbolj oddaljen, in prisončjem (perihelijem), točko, ko je Zemlja Soncu najbliže. Zemlja je v odsončju okoli 3./4. julija, najbližje pa pol leta kasneje, torej pozimi, 3. januarja.

Sonce navidezno prečka nebesni ekvator dvakrat v letu. Tedaj nastopita enakonočji.

Folklora

V slovenski ter evropski praznični tradiciji je na dan sončnega obrata potekalo kresovanje. Tik po obdobju sončnega obrata (24. junij) praznuje god sv. Janez Krstnik, ki je verjetno v času pokristjanjevanja nadomestil sončno božanstvo Kresnika. V osnovi so se tudi v kresnih šegah ohranili vsi aspekti staroverskih ritualnih šeg. Kresnemu večeru, ki je bil 23. junija zvečer, so rekli tudi kupalo.

Glej tudi

Sklici

  1. »Earth's Seasons: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion, 2000-2025«. Pomorski observatorij ZDA (USNO). 19. februar 2015. Pridobljeno 17. marca 2015.
  2. Équinoxe de printemps entre 1583 et 2999
  3. Solstice d’été de 1583 à 2999
  4. Équinoxe d’automne de 1583 à 2999
  5. Solstice d’hiver

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