Radijski valovi

Rádijski valòvi so tisti del spektra elektromagnetnega valovanja, v katerem je moč elektromagnetno valovanje vzbuditi tako, da skozi anteno pride izmenični električni tok. Glede na frekvenco oziroma valovno dolžino lahko razdelimo radijske valove na naslednja območja:

Ime pasu Krat. Pas ITU Frekvenca Val. dolžina
< 3 Hz > 100,000 km
ekstremno nizke frekvence
ELF
1
3–30 Hz 100,000 km – 10,000 km
super nizke frekvence
SLF
2
30–300 Hz 10,000 km – 1000 km
ultra nizke frekvence
ULF
3
300–3000 Hz 1000 km – 100 km
zelo nizke frekvence
VLF
4
3–30 kHz 100 km – 10 km
nizke frekvence
LF
5
30–300 kHz 10 km – 1 km
srednje frekvence
MF
6
300–3000 kHz 1 km – 100 m
visoke frekvence
HF
7
3–30 MHz 100 m – 10 m
zelo visoke frekvence
VHF
8
30–300 MHz 10 m – 1 m
ultra visoke frekvence
UHF
9
300–3000 MHz 1 m – 100 mm
super visoke frekvence
SHF
10
3–30 GHz 100 mm – 10 mm
ekstremno visoke frekvence
EHF
11
30–300 GHz 10 mm – 1 mm
nad 300 GHz < 1 mm

Opomba: nad 300 GHz je absorpcija elektromagnetnega sevanja v Zemljinem ozračju tolikšna, da je to praktično neprepustno za elektromagnetno sevanje; pri še višjih frekvencah se absorpcija zmanjša le v območju infrardeče in vidne svetlobe.

Pasovi ELF, SLF, ULF in VLF se prekrivajo s slišnimi frekvencami (približno 20–20.000 Hz). Razen ujemanja v frekvencah sta zvočno in radijsko valovanje dve povsem različni valovanji: pri prvem gre za mehansko nihanje delcev snovi, po kateri se širi zvok, pri drugem pa za valovanje elektromagnetnega polja.

Radijski valovi se najpogosteje uporabljajo za prenos zvoka; od tu tudi ime za radio. Vsaka radijska postaja oddaja na njej odobreni frekvenci, navadno tudi na več frekvencah: Radio Slovenija npr. oddaja na 918 kHz MF in na 88,5, 90,0, 91,8, 92,0, 92,9, 94,1, 96,4 MHz VHF.

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