Kljunorožci
Kljunorožci
| Kljunorožci Časovni razpon: Eocen do danes
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| kljunorožec Tockus kempi | |
Znanstvena klasifikacija 
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| Kraljestvo: | Animalia (živali) |
| Deblo: | Chordata (strunarji) |
| Razred: | Aves (ptiči) |
| Klad: | Picocoraciae |
| Red: | Bucerotiformes (kljunorožci) Fürbringer, 1888 |
| Družine | |
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Kljunorožci (znanstveno ime Bucerotiformes) so red ptic, v katerega uvrščamo družino kljunorožcev (Bucerotidae), talne kljunorožce (Bucorvidae), smrdokavre (Upupidae) in drevesne vdabe (Phoeniculidae).[1] Te ptice so prej uvrščali v red vapijatov (Coraciiformes).[2][3][4] Razširjeni so v Afriki, Aziji, Evropi in Melaneziji.
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| Filogenetski odnosi med družinami na podlagi raziskave, ki so jo leta 2015 objavili Richard Prum in sodelavci.[5] |
Sistematika
Nedavni genetski podatki kažejo, da talne kljunorožce skupaj z rodom Bycanistes tvorijo ločen klad, ki se razlikuje od drugih kljunorožcev.[6] Domnevajo, da predstavljajo zgodnjo afriško linijo, medtem ko se je preostali del reda Bucerotiformes razvil v Aziji. Podvrsti smrdokavre smrdokavra s Svete Helene (Upupa antaios) in malgaška podvrsta (Upupa marginata) sta včasih obravnavani kot samostojni vrsti. Dva roda drevesnih smrdokavrov, Phoeniculus in Rhinopomastus, naj bi se ločila pred približno 10 milijoni let, zato ju nekateri sistematiki obravnavajo kot ločeni poddružini ali celo kot samostojni družini.[7]
Taksonomija
Red Bucerotiformes
- Družina †Messelirrisoridae
- Rod †Messelirrisor
- †Messelirrisor halcyrostris
- †Messelirrisor grandis
- †Messelirrisor parvus
- Rod †Messelirrisor
- Družina †Laurillardiidae
- Rod †Laurillardia
- †Laurillardia longirostris
- †Laurillardia munieri
- †Laurillardia smoleni
- Rod †Laurillardia
- Podred Upupi
- Družina Phoeniculidae (drevesni vdabi)
- Družina Upupidae (smrdokavre)
- Rod Upupa
- Upupa epops (smrdokavra)
- Upupa marginata (malgaška smrdokavra)
- Rod Upupa
- Podred Buceroti
- Družina Bucorvidae (talni kljunorožci)
- Rod Bucorvus
- Bucorvus abyssinicus (rogati krokar)
- Bucorvus leadbeateri (južni talni kljunorožec)
- Rod Bucorvus
- Družina Bucerotidae (kljunorožci)
- Rod Bycanistes
- Rod Horizocerus
- Rod Tockus (toko)
- Rod Ocyceros
- Ocyceros griseus (malabrski kljunorožec)
- Ocyceros gingalensis
- Ocyceros biostris
- Rod Anthracoceros
- Anthracoceros coronatus
- Anthracoceros albirostris (orientalski kljunorožec)
- Anthracoceros malayanus
- Antracoceros marchei
- Anthracoceros montani
- Rod Buceros
- Buceros rhinoceros (velerogi dvorožec)
- Buceros bicornis (dvorožec)
- Buceros hydrocorax
- Rod Rhinoplax (včasih vključen v Buceros)
- Rhinoplax vigil (čeladar)
- Rod Anorrhinus
- Rod Penelopides
- Penelopides manillae
- Penelopides mindorensis
- Penelopides panini (filipinski kljunorožec)
- Penelopides samarensis
- Penelopides affinis
- Rod Berenicornis (včasih vključen v Aceros)
- Rod Aceros
- Rod Rhabdotorrhinus
- Rod Rhyticeros (včasih vključen v Aceros)
- Rod Ceratogymna
- Ceratogymna atrata (črni kljunorožec)
- Ceratogymna elate
- Družina Bucorvidae (talni kljunorožci)
Sklici
- ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, ur. (2019). »Mousebirds, Cuckoo Roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills«. World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Pridobljeno 23. julija 2019.
- ↑ Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003). »Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)« (PDF). J. Avian Biol. 34 (2): 185–197. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča (PDF) dne 4. oktobra 2018. Pridobljeno 30. oktobra 2008.
- ↑ Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
- ↑ Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.
- ↑ Prum, R.O.; Berv, J.S.; Dornburg, A.; Field, D.J.; Townsend, J.P.; Lemmon, E.M.; Lemmon, A.R. (2015). »A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing«. Nature. 526 (7574): 569–573. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..569P. doi:10.1038/nature15697. PMID 26444237. S2CID 205246158.
- ↑ Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, pp. 257–264.
- ↑ Fry, C. Hilary (2003). "Wood-hoopoes". In Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. p. 383. ISBN 1-55297-777-3.
Zunanje povezave
Predstavnosti o temi kljunorožci v Wikimedijini zbirki
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