Iblul-Il

Iblul-Il
Kralj Marija
Drugo marijsko kraljestvo
Kralj Marija
Tenureokoli 2380 pr. n. št. (srednja kronologija)
PredhodnikIštub-Išar
NaslednikNizi
Rojstvo3. tisočletje pr. n. št.
Smrt24. stoletje pr. n. št.
ženaPaba[1]

Iblul-Il je bil najbolj energičen kralj (lugal) Drugega marijskega kraljestva, ki je vladal okoli leta 2380 pr. n. št.[2] Znan je po obsežnih vojnih pohodih proti Ebli v dolini srednjega Evfrata in proti različnin nasprotnikom ob gornjem Tigrisu, s katerimi je vzpostavil marijsko oblast na severu Sirije.

Vladanje

Viri

Iblul-Il je dokazan v Mariju, kjer so bili v mestnih templjih leta 1952 odkriti kipi z njegovim imenom.[3] Njegova dejanja so znana iz pisma, ki ga je njegov naslednik Enna-Dagan poslal v Eblo.[4]

Pohodi

Iblul-Il je organiziral več pohodov proti Ebli in njenim vazalom in zaveznikom.[4] Vzrok zanje je bila verjetno naraščajoča militantnost Eble, njihov namen pa je bil prekinili trgovske poti med Kišem, Nagarjem in Eblo.[5] Iblul-Il je bil sodobnik Eblinega kralja Igriš-Halama.[5] V Enna-Daganovem pismu je omenjeno, da je ob srednjem Evfratu premagal mesto Galalaneni,[6] in sodeloval v zmagoviti bitki z Abarsalom v pokrajini Zahiran, [op 1][8] ki jo je opustošil.[6] Zatem se je odpravil na pohod v pokrajino Burman v deželi Sugurum, kjer je porazil mesta Šadab, Adalini in Arisum.[6] Ko je izropal mesta Šaran in Damium,[6] je pohod nadaljevali proti Neraadu in Hasuvanu. V mestu Mane je prejel davek iz Eble[9] in iz trdnjave Hazuvan nadaljeval pohod in osvojil Emar.[6]

V dolini Tigrisa je porazil mesta Nahal, Nubat in Ša-da v pokrajini Gasur.[op 2][10] Iblul-Il je pismu zadnjič omenjen po osvojitvi eblaitskih mest Barama, Aburu, Tibalat in Belan.[op 3][6] Marijski kralj je uspešno dosegel svoje cilje, oslabil Eblo in pobral velik davek v srebru in zlatu.

Nasledstvo

Iblul-Ila je nasledil Nizi.[12] Enna-Daganovo pismo je izjemno težko brati.[13] V prvih branjih je bil avtor Enna-Dagan predstavljen kot general Eble, ki je porazil in odstavil Iblul-Ila.[14] Novejša branja so potrdila Anna-Dagana kot marijskega kralja.[6] Razvozlanje besedil iz arhivov Eble je pokazalo, da je Anna-Dagan kot princ Marija med vladanjem svojih predhodnikov prejemal darila Eble.[15]

Opombe

  1. Abarsal je verjetno ob Evfratu vzhodno od Eble.[7]
  2. Po Michaelu Astourju so ta tri mesta spadala v pokrajino Gasur-Nuziob severnem Tigrisu.[10] Drugi poznavalci jih umeščajo ob srednji Evfrat severozahodno od Marija.</ref>
  3. Belan je 26 km zahodno od Raqqae.[11]

Sklici

  1. Pelio Fronzaroli (2003). Semitic and Assyriological Studies: Presented to Pelio Fronzaroli by Pupils and Colleagues (v italijanščini). str. 556. ISBN 9783447047494.
  2. William J. Hamblin (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. str. 242. ISBN 9781134520626.
  3. Chaim Bermant; Michael Weitzman (1979). Ebla: a revelation in archeology. Times Books. str. 173. ISBN 9780812907650.
  4. 4,0 4,1 I. Tzvi Abusch; Carol Noyes; William W. Hallo; Irene Winter (2001). Proceedings of the XLV Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale: Historiography in the Cuneiform World, Part 1. str. 1. ISBN 9781883053673.
  5. 5,0 5,1 Nadali, Davide (2007). "Monuments of War, War of Monuments: Some Considerations on Commemorating War in the Third Millennium BC". Orientalia. Pridobljeno 24. aprila 2015.
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 Mario Liverani (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. str. 119. ISBN 9781134750849.
  7. Archi, Alfonso (2011). "Alfonso Archi and Maria Giovanna Biga, In Search of Armi". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. The American Schools of Oriental Research. 63: 5–.
  8. Edgar Peltenberg (2007). Euphrates River Valley Settlement: The Carchemish Sector in the Third Millennium BC. str. 118. ISBN 9781782975113.
  9. Joan Aruz,Ronald Wallenfels (2003). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. str. 462.
  10. 10,0 10,1 Martha A. Morrison; David I. Owen (1987). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1. str. 13. ISBN 9780931464089.
  11. P.M. Michèle Daviau; Michael Weigl; John W. Wevers (2001). The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 1. str. 233. ISBN 9780567200495.
  12. Douglas Frayne (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). str. 815. ISBN 9781442690479.
  13. Martha A. Morrison; David I. Owen (1987). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1. str. 12. ISBN 9780931464089.
  14. Victor Harold Matthews, Don C. Benjamin (2006). Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East. str. 261. ISBN 9780809144358.
  15. Douglas Frayne (2008). [https://books.google.si/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT778&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). str. 778, 817. ISBN 9781442690479.
Iblul-Il
Rojen: neznano Umrl: neznano
Vladarski nazivi
Predhodnik: 
Ištub-Išar
Kralj Marija
okoli 2380 pr. n. št.
Naslednik: 
Nizi

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