Hilderik III.

Hilderik III.
Kralj Frankov

Vladanje743–751
PredhodnikKarel Martel (kot majordom)
NaslednikPipin Mali
Rojstvo714 ali 717
neznano
Smrtne pred 755 ali 754
neznano
PotomciTeoderik
DynastyMerovingi

Hilderik III. je bil kralj Frankov, ki je vladal od leta 743 do marca 751, ko ga je papež Zaharija na zahtevo Pipina Malega odstavil, * okoli 717, † okoli 754.

Njegovo poreklo ni povsem jasno, vendar se ga ljub temu šteje za zadnjega kralja iz Merovinške dinastije. Po njegovi odstavitvi je bil za frankovskega kralja kronan Pipin Mali, prvi iz Karolinške dinastije.[1]

Ozadje

Po smrti Dagoberta I. (vladal 629-634) je začela moč merovinških kraljev postopoma usihati, dokler ni postala samo simbolična, resnična oblast v Frankovskem kraljestvu pa je vedno bolj prehajala v roke majordomov. Leta 718 je Karel Martel v svoji osebi združil položaja majordomov Nevstrije in Avstrazije in dosegel položaj najmočnejšega moža v kraljestvu. Po smrti kralja Teoderika IV. leta 737 je prestol ostal prazen in Karel Martel je postal de facto kralj.

Po smrti Karla Martela leta 741 sta postala enakopravna majordoma njegova sinova Karlman in Pipin Mali iz Karlovega prvega zakona z Rotrudo. Temu sta se kmalu uprla njun mlajši polbrat Grifo in svak, bavarski vojvoda Odilo. Njihov spor je bil verjetno razlog, da so po šest let trajajočem brezvladju za utrditev njune oblasti na prestol posadili merovinškega kralja Hilderika III..

Življenje

Zadnji Meroving, slika Evariste-Vitala Luminaisa, ki prikauzuje Hilderikovo striženje

Hilderikovo poreklo in sorodstvo z Merovinško rodbino ni povsem jasno. Lahko bi bil sin Hilperika II. ali Teoderika IV..[2]

Hilderik se ni vtikal v državne zadeve, ki so jih, tako kot pred njim, vodili majordomi. Enkrat letno se je na vozu, ki ga je vlekel vol in vodil kmet, pripeljal na skupščino in odgovarjal na vprašanja, ki so jih gostujočim ambasadorjem pripravili majordomi.[3]

Po Karlmanovem umiku v samostan leta 747 se je Pipin odločil prevzeti kraljevo krono. Papežu Zahariji je poslal dopis z vprašanjem ali kraljevi naslov pripada nekomu, ki ne izvaja kraljeve oblasti, ali nekomu iz kraljeve rodbine. Papež mu je odgovoril, da ima lahko kraljevi naslov samo tisti, ki ima v rokah kraljevo oblast. Na začetku marca 751 je papež Zaharija Hilderika odstavil in tonzuriral.[4] S striženjem njegovih dolgih las, ki so bili simbol dinastije, kraljevih pravic in magične moči, so mu simbolično odvzeli vse kraljevske pravice. Po odstavitvi sta bila s sinom Tevderikom izgnana v samostan Saint-Beritin, ali on v samostan Saint-Omer in sin v samostan Saint-Wandrille.

Podatki o njegovi smrti so neskladni. Nekateri viri omenjajo, da je umrl na začetku leta 753, drugi pa da na koncu leta 758. Pri Karolingih ni bil najbolje zapisan in so ga kljub temu, da sta Pipina na frankovski prestol pripeljala papeža Zaharija in Štefan II., naslavljali z rex falsuslažni kralj.

Sklici

  1. Claudio Rendina, Paul McCusker. The Popes: Histories and Secrets. New York 2002, str. 145.
  2. Barbara H. Rosenwein. A Short History of the Middle Ages. University of Toronto, 2009, str. 84.
  3. Michael Frassetto (1. januar 2003). Childeric III. Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. ABC-CLIO. str. 118–19. ISBN 978-1-57607-263-9.
  4. Charles Knight. The English Cyclopaedia: Volume IV. London, 1867, str. 733.

Viri

  • W. Junghans. Die Geschichte der fränkischen Konige Childerich und Clodovech. Göttingen, 1857.
  • J.J. Chiflet. Anastasis Childerici I Francorum regis. Antwerpen, 1655.
  • J.B.D. Cochet. Le Tombeau de Childeric I, roi des Francs. Pariz, 1859.
  • E. Lavisse. Histoire de France, Vol. II. Pariz, 1903.
  • J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, prevajalec. The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations. Greenwood Press: Connecticut, 1960.
  • J.M. Wallace-Hadrill. The Long-Haired Kings. London, 1962.
  • Einhard. Annales Regni Francorum.
Hilderik III.
Rojen: okoli 717 Umrl: okoli 754
Vladarski nazivi
Predhodnik: 
Karel Martel
(kot majordom)
Kralj Frankov
743-751
Naslednik: 
Pipin Mali

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