Dermatitis

Dermatitis
Dermatitis na roki.
Specialnostdružinska medicina uredi v wikpodatkih
Klasifikacija in zunanji viri
MKB-10L20-L30
MKB-9692.9
MeSHD003872
Primer kroničnega kontaktnega dermatitisa zaradi stika s kerozinom

Dermatítis zajema skupino vnetnih bolezni kože[1] z značilnimi znaki vnetja zaradi vpliva škodljivih dejavnikov, ki delujejo v koži ali pa pridejo v kožo po stiku od zunaj.[2] Kaže se s srbenjem, rdečico kože in izpuščajem.[1] Pri kratko časa trajajočem dermatitisu se lajhko pojavijo mehurčki na koži, pri dolgotrajni bolezni pa lahko pride do na gosto posejanih ploščatih papul oziroma lihenifikacije kože.[1] Prizadetost je lahko različna, od majhnih predelov kože do celotnega telesa.[1][3]

Dermatitis zajema skupino kožnih bolezni, kot so atopijski dermatitis, alergijski kontaktni dermatitis, iritativni kontaktni dermatitis in zastojni dermatitis.[1][3] Običajno pravi vzrok dermatitisa ostane nepojasnjen.[3] Najverjetneje je v številnih primerih dermatitis posledica kombinacije draženja, alergije in zastoja krvi v venah.[1] Vrstna dermatitisa se praviloma določi na osnovi bolnikove anamneze in lokacije izpuščaja.[1] Na primer, iritantni dermatitis se pogosto pojavlja na rokah bolnikov, ki so pogosto izpostavljene vlagi,[1] alergijski kontaktni dermatitis pa kot posledica tudi kratkotrajni izpostavitvi snovem, na katere je bolnik preobčutljiv.[1]

Atopijski dermatitis se običajno zdravi z vlažilnimi in steroidnimi kremami.[4] Uporaba steroidnih krem, ki so srednje ali visoke jakosti, se priporoča največ dva tedna, saj se lahko pojavijo neželeni učinki.[5] Če so prisotni znaki okužbe, je včasih potrebno zdravljenje z antibiotiki.[3] Pri kontaktnem dermatitisu je pomembno izogibanje alergenom oziroma dražilnim snovem.[6][7] Antihistaminiki ublažijo srbenje in so lahko v pomoč zlasti za boljši spanec, saj pomagajo zmanjšati nočno praskanje.[3]

Dermatitis je leta 2015 po ocenah prizadeval 245 milijonov ljudi v svetu.[8] Atopijski dermatitis je najpogostejša oblika in se običajno pojavi v otroštvu.[1][3] V ZDA prizadene 10–30 % prebivalstva.[3] Kontaktni dermatitis je dvakrat pogostejši pri ženskah kot pri moških.[9] Alergijski kontaktni dermatitis prizadene tekom življenja okoli 7 % ljudi.[10] Iritativni kontaktni dermatitis je pogost zlasti pri ljudeh določenih poklicev, vendar pa epidemiološki podatki niso znani.[11]

Glej tudi

Sklici

  1. 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 Nedorost, Susan T. (2012). Generalized Dermatitis in Clinical Practice (v angleščini). Springer Science & Business Media. str. 1–3, 9, 13–14. ISBN 9781447128977. Arhivirano iz spletišča dne 15. avgusta 2016. Pridobljeno 29. julija 2016.
  2. http://www.termania.net/slovarji/slovenski-medicinski-slovar/5511509/dermatitis?query=dermatitis&SearchIn=All, Slovenski medicinski e-slovar, vpogled: 9. 10. 2017.
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 »Handout on Health: Atopic Dermatitis (A type of eczema)«. NIAMS. Maj 2013. Arhivirano iz spletišča dne 30. maja 2015. Pridobljeno 29. julija 2016.
  4. McAleer, MA; Flohr, C; Irvine, AD (23. julij 2012). »Management of difficult and severe eczema in childhood«. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 345: e4770. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4770. PMID 22826585.
  5. Habif (2015). Clinical Dermatology (6 izd.). Elsevier Health Sciences. str. 171. ISBN 9780323266079. Arhivirano iz spletišča dne 17. avgusta 2016. Pridobljeno 5. julija 2016.
  6. Mowad, CM; Anderson, B; Scheinman, P; Pootongkam, S; Nedorost, S; Brod, B (Junij 2016). »Allergic contact dermatitis: Patient management and education«. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 74 (6): 1043–54. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1144. PMID 27185422.
  7. Lurati, AR (Februar 2015). »Occupational risk assessment and irritant contact dermatitis«. Workplace health & safety. 63 (2): 81–7, quiz 88. doi:10.1177/2165079914565351. PMID 25881659.
  8. Vos, Theo; in sod. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (8. oktober 2016). »Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015«. Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  9. Adkinson, N. Franklin (2014). Middleton's allergy : principles and practice (8 izd.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. str. 566. ISBN 9780323085939. Arhivirano iz spletišča dne 15. septembra 2016.
  10. »128.4«. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 4 Volume Set (9 izd.). John Wiley & Sons. 2016. ISBN 9781118441176. Arhivirano iz spletišča dne 15. avgusta 2016. Pridobljeno 29. julija 2016.
  11. Frosch, Peter J. (2013). Textbook of Contact Dermatitis (2 izd.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. str. 42. ISBN 9783662031049. Arhivirano iz spletišča dne 16. avgusta 2016.

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