9. sončev cikel

9. Sončev cikel
Podatki o sončevih pegah
Začetni datumjulij 1843
Končni datumdecember 1855
Trajanje (v letih)12,4
Največje število219,9
Največje mesečno številofebruar 1848
Najmanjše število17,6
Dnevi brez peg655
Ciklična kronologija
Prejšnji cikel8. sončev cikel (1833–1843)
Naslednji cikel10. sončev cikel (1855–1867)
Med 9. sončevim ciklom so Edward Sabine in ostali znanstveniki pripisovali sončeve cikle k geomagnetnim ciklom.

9. sončev cikel je bil deveti sončev cikel od leta 1755, ko se je začelo obdobje intenzivnejšega števila sončevih peg.[1][2] Sončev cikel je trajal 12,4 let, z začetkom julija 1843 in koncem decembra 1855. Maksimalno zglajeno število sončevih peg med ciklom (po formuli SIDC) je bilo 219,9 (februar 1848), na začetku minimuma pa je bilo 17,6.[3] Med prehodom med minimumoma med 9. in 10. ciklom je bilo skupno 655 dni brez sončevih peg.[4][5][6]

9. sončev cikel se je začel leta 1843, istega leta, kot je Heinrich Schwabe odkril cikel sončnih peg.[7] Med tem ciklom so Edward Sabine, Rudolf Wolf in ostali znanstveniki prepoznali, da sončeve motnje vplivajo na Zemljino magnetno okolje, torej so sončevi cikli identični Zemljinim geomagnetnim ciklom. Med tem ciklom je Wolf uvedel Wolfovo število.

Fenomen, ki se danes imenuje geomagnetni inducirani naboj, se je prvič opazil šele v času tega cikla - opazen je postal na nastajajočih električnih telegrafih. Francis Ronalds, častni direktor Kraljevega observatorija in Sabinov koleg, je pridobil podatke od operatorjev telegrafa o gibanju magnetnih igel in jih je kasneje primerjal z lastnimi fotografijami spreminjanja atmosferske elektrike in geomagnetne intezitete, a slabi viri in vhodni podatki so v podrobnostih povzročili nepričakovane naboje.[8][9]

Geomagnetni aktivnosti med 9. sončevim ciklom je sledila dodatna dejavnost z dvema vrhuncema, ki sta se zgodila v času vzida (1847-48) in zaida (1851-54) cikla.[10]

Glej tudi

Viri

  1. Kane, R.P. (2002), »Some Implications Using the Group Sunspot Number Reconstruction«, Solar Physics, 205 (2): 383–401, Bibcode:2002SoPh..205..383K, doi:10.1023/A:1014296529097
  2. »The Sun: Did You Say the Sun Has Spots?«. Space Today Online. Pridobljeno 12. avgusta 2010.
  3. SIDC Monthly Smoothed Sunspot Number. ""
  4. Spotless Days. ""
  5. Solaemon's Spotless Days Page. ""
  6. Dr. Tony Phillips (11. julij 2008). »What's Wrong with the Sun? (Nothing)«. NASA. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 14. julija 2008. Pridobljeno 21. januarja 2020.
  7. Claudio Vita-Finzi. Solar History: An Introduction, p. 4, Springer, 2012 ISBN 9400742959.
  8. Ronalds, B.F. (2016). Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-78326-917-4.
  9. Ronalds, B.F. (2016). »Sir Francis Ronalds and the Electric Telegraph«. Int. J. for the History of Engineering & Technology. doi:10.1080/17581206.2015.1119481.
  10. Nevanlinna, H.; Ketola, A.; Häkkinen, L.; Viljanen, A.; Ivory, K. (23. april 1993). »Geomagnetic activity during solar cycle 9 (1844–1856)«. Geophysical Research Letters. Zv. 20, št. 8. str. 743–746. Bibcode:1993GeoRL..20..743N. doi:10.1029/93GL00836.


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