Náboženská spoločnosť

Náboženská spoločnosť je spoločenstvo ľudí, ktorí sa hlásia k spoločnému náboženstvu resp. náboženská organizácia zabezpečujúca a realizujúca verejný výkon kultu. V užšom zmysle (pozri nižšie) je to takáto organizácia iná než tradičná recipovaná cirkev.

Právo

Historicky sa rozlišovali (napr. v Uhorsku a potom v prvej ČSR) tzv. recipované cirkvi a náboženské spoločnosti. Z cirkví činných na Slovensku medzi (uhorské a potom česko-slovenské) recipované cirkvi po roku 1895 patrili latinská cirkev, gréckokatolícka cirkev, evanjelická cirkev augsburského vyznania, reformovaná kresťanská cirkev, pravoslávna cirkev, unitári a židovské náboženské obce, ostatné (aj kresťanské) legálne povolené organizácie mali postavenie "náboženských spoločností". Podľa tohto tradičného rozdelenia sa dodnes niekedy rozlišujú "cirkvi" v užšom zmysle (t. j. bývalé recipované cirkvi) a "náboženské spoločnosti" v užšom zmysle (t. j. ostatné; porovnaj napr. zoznam v článku "náboženská spoločnosť" v Encyklopédii Slovenska).

V súčasnom slovenskom práve (a česko-slovenskom práve od roku 1949) sa pojem používa vždy v spojení "cirkev alebo náboženská spoločnosť" (pozri článok cirkev alebo náboženská spoločnosť), čím sa právne stiera akýkoľvek rozdiel medzi výrazmi cirkev a náboženská spoločnosť. Podobne je tomu napríklad v Česku a Rakúsku.

Zdroje

  • náboženské spoločnosti. In: Encyklopédia Slovenska. 1. vyd. Zväzok IV N – Q. Bratislava : Veda, 1980. 600 s. S. 17.
  • FILIT – zdroj, z ktorého pôvodne čerpal tento článok.

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