Austrálski domorodci

Vyobrazenie austrálskych domorodcov z knihy Obrazy z jižní polokoule z roku 1901.

Austrálski domorodci (iné názvy pozri dole) sú pôvodní obyvatelia Austrálie pred príchodom Európanov a ich súčasní potomkovia.

Názvy

Slovenské synonymá sú: domorodí Austrálčania, praobyvatelia Austrálie, pôvodní obyvatelia Austrálie, aborigéni[1] [resp. staršie aborigénovia[2]] (Austrálie), aboriginci (Austrálie)[3], Aborigináli[4], aborigines[5], zriedkavo: Aborigini/Aboriginovia, Protoaustrálčania/Praaustrálčania [6], nepresne: Austrálčania, zastarano: austrálski černosi, Austrálci[7], ľudovo aj Aborigénci, Aborigenci, Aboridžinci, (?)Aborigidi.

Anglické názvy sú: Indigenous Australians, Aborigines alebo Aboriginals.

Termín aborigines (z lat. ab origine - od začiatku, pôvodne) sa v latinčine používal na označenie pôvodných obyvateľov Latia, nazývaných po slovensky Aborigini/Aboriginovia; prvýkrát sa spomína v diele básnika Lykofróna.[8] Najneskôr od roku 1789 sa v angličtine začal používať v užšom zmysle na označenie pôvodných obyvateľov Austrálie, alebo v širšom zmysle na označenie pôvodných obyvateľov iných území. Používanie slova Aborigenes (anglické príd. meno znie aboriginal) alebo Aboriginals dostalo časom v Austrálii čiastočne negatívny podtón, preto sa od osemdesiatych rokov 20. storočia presadzuje opäť opisný výraz indigenous Australians (domorodí Austrálčania/austrálski domorodci) a podobne.

Charakteristika

Antropologicky patria medzi australoidov, teda do oceánskej vetvy veľkej ekvatoriálnej rasy, a najbližší sú im Veddovia v Indii a na Srí Lanke. Do Austrálie pravdepodobne prišli asi pred 30-20 tisíc rokmi z južnej Indie a Srí Lanky cez ostrovy juhovýchodnej Ázie a cez juh Novej Guiney. Ich počet sa dnes odhaduje na 270 000, ale materinský jazyk z nich ovláda len 40 000 osôb.

Referencie

  1. aborigén. In: Slovník súčasného slovenského jazyka. Ed. Alexandra Jarošová, Klára Buzássyová. Zväzok A – G. Bratislava : Veda, 2006. 1134 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 80-224-0932-4.
  2. HORECKÝ, Ján. Aborigin - s malým či veľkým začiatočným písmenom?. Kultúra slova, 1993, roč. 27, čís. 4, s. 125. Dostupné online.
  3. ŠALING, Samo; IVANOVÁ-ŠALINGOVÁ, Mária; MANÍKOVÁ, Zuzana. Veľký slovník cudzích slov. 2. revid. a dopl. vyd. Bratislava-Veľký Šariš : SAMO, 2000. 1328 s. ISBN 80-967524-6-4.
  4. austrálski domorodci. In: Encyclopaedia Beliana. 1. vyd. Bratislava : Encyklopedický ústav SAV; Veda, 1999. 696 s. ISBN 80-224-0554-X. Zväzok 1. (A – Belk). uvádza synonymum Aborigináli (a tým zrejme aj všetky ostatné tvary na aborig-) ako nesprávne, rovnako (teda ako nesprávny) je hodnotený český ekvivalent Aboriginálové v hesle "Austrálci" v českej knihe Národy celého světa od V. Hubingera et al. z roku 1985 ; české (a tým zrejme aj slovenské) slovo Aboriginálové prvýkrát použil J. Wolf v roku 1971.
  5. aborigines. In: NOVOTNÝ, Bohuslav, et al. Encyklopédia archeológie. 1. vyd. Bratislava : Obzor, 1986. 1032 s. S. 17 - 18.
  6. Slovenská reč, 1985, roč. 50, čís. 5. Dostupné online.
  7. oboje: Slovenská vlastiveda, 2, Slovenská akadémia vied a umení, 1943; treba dodať že v češtine je na rozdiel od slovenčiny výraz Austrálci vo význame austrálski domorodci spisovný a moderný výraz a používa sa ako protiklad výrazu Australané ( Slovenská reč, 1985, roč. 50, čís. 5. Dostupné online. )
  8. Löve G, Stoll HA. ABC Antiky. Ivo Železný, 2005 (ISBN 80-237-3938-7)

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