WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY
Here i will give you all information about fundamentals of
water supply engineering relating to the demand for various purpose
for human life,quantity of water,treatment and distribution of water
WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
Before a project of water supply for a particular locality
is taken hand the scheme is drawn out.
Different points in any water supply scheme.
| POINTS |
NAMES
|
| P1 |
Financial aspect
|
| p2 |
Population
|
| P3 |
Quality of water
|
| P4 |
Rate of consumption
|
| P5 |
Sources of water supply
|
| P6 |
Topography of area
|
FINANCIAL ASPECT
The data regarding the availability of fund
for the fulfillment of water supply scheme should be obtain in the
initial stage of scheme only.
POPULATION
From the available sensors of previous years the present
population should be determined and it is a general practice to make the skill to
accommodate population after 3-4 decades.
Quality of water
The quality of available water decides the line of
treatment .the more pure water is the less in the cost of treatment .hence
the sample of available sources of water should be taken properly.
RATE OF CONSUMPTION
The demands of water depends on various uses such as:-
1.domestic,2.industrial etc.The rate of consumption per capital should be decided by carefully considering all
theses public uses.This rate can be multiply by the population gives the total quantity of water require
for the water supply scheme.
TOPOGRAPHY OF AREA
The topographical map of the area to be served by the scheme
should be prepared and it should be study in relation to the low line area density
of population.The study is essential to involve a sample at a cheap water supply scheme.
THE DEMAND OF WATER FOR VARIOUS PURPOSE IS DIVIDED IN 5 CATEGORIES
| SERIAL NO. |
PURPOSE
|
| S1 |
Domestic purpose
|
| S2 |
Civil purpose
|
| S3 |
Industrial purpose
|
| S4 |
Business & trade purpose.
|
FACTOR AFFECTING THE RATE OF DEMAND
| SERIAL NO. |
FACTORS
|
| S1 |
Climatic condition
|
| S2 |
Cost of water
|
| S3 |
Policy of metering
|
| S4 |
Size of city
|
| S5 |
System of supply
|
CLIMATIC CONDITION
The requirement of water in summer is more than in winter
,which generally affects the rate of demand.
COST OF WATER
The rate at which water is supplied to the consumer
,may also affect the rate of demand .
the higher the cost lower will be the rate of demand and vice-versa.
POLICY OF METERING
The quantity of water supply to a building is recorded by
a water meter and the consumer is then charged accordingly.
the installation of meter reduces the rate of demand.
SIZE OF CITY
Generally ,the smaller the city the lower is the rate of demand .
but,the presence of water consuming industries in a small town may result in higher rate of demand.
SYSTEM OF SUPPLY
If the supply of water is continuous, then the rate of
demand is less but if the supply of water is intermediate then the rate of demand is high.
QUALITY
The quality of the water may result in the increase of rate of consumption.
people are using water according to its quality for example:-1.drinking,2.washing.,3.bathing etc.
SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY
SURFACE SOURCE
UNDERGROUND SOURCES
SURFACE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY & UNDERGROUND SOURCE OF WATER
The surface source of water and underground source of water are found in four forms.
| SERIAL NO. |
SURFACE SOURCES |
UNDERGROUND SOURCES
|
| S1 |
Lakes & streams |
Infiltration galleries
|
| S2 |
Ponds |
Infiltration well
|
| S3 |
RIVER |
Springs
|
| S4 |
Storage reservoir |
Wells
|
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