Problem of the criterion

The problem of the criterion is an issue in epistemology about the starting point of knowledge. It is considered a separate but more fundamental issue than the

The problem of the criterion is an issue in epistemology about the starting point of knowledge. It is considered a separate but more fundamental issue than the regress[1] argument found in discussions on proving that some knowledge is true.[2]

History

Classical antiquity

In Western philosophy, the earliest surviving document of the problem of the criterion was written by Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus (b. 2nd century AD).[2] In the Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Sextus Empiricus showed that there had been no criterion of truth, contrary to the position of dogmatists, such as the Stoics well-known for their doctrine of katalepsis.[3][4]

Modern period

American philosopher Roderick Chisholm detailed the problem of the criterion with two sets of questions in the Theory of Knowledge:

  1. What do we know? or What is the extent of our knowledge?
  2. How do we know? or What is the criterion for deciding whether we have knowledge in any particular case?

References

  1. ↑ A series of statements in which a logical procedure is continually reapplied to its own result without approaching a useful conclusion (e.g. defining something in terms of itself). Oxford Languages.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Problem of the criterion". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  3. ↑ Sextus Empiricus Outlines of Pyrrhonism Book II Chapters 4–9.
  4. ↑ Beckwith, Christopher I. (2015). Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia (PDF). Princeton University Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 9781400866328.

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